Interactive effects of ethanol and nicotine on learning in C57BL/6J mice depend on both dose and duration of treatment
Interactive effects of ethanol and nicotine on learning in C57BL/6J mice depend on both dose and duration of treatment
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-007-0982-x
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gould, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gulick, Danielle;Gould, Thomas J.
目的和理由 酒精和尼古丁通常同时滥用；对共同滥用的一个可能的解释是，每种药物都会减轻另一种药物的厌恶作用。两种药物对学习和记忆都有剂量依赖性影响。因此，本研究检查了急性乙醇和急性、慢性或戒断慢性尼古丁对C57BL/6J小鼠恐惧条件反射的相互作用。材料和方法条件反射包括听觉条件刺激-足部电击非条件刺激配对。对于急性研究，在训练前给予盐水或乙醇，然后给予盐水或尼古丁，并且在测试前也给予盐水或尼古丁。对于慢性和戒断研究，长期施用盐水或尼古丁，并在训练前施用乙醇或盐水。 结果 急性尼古丁（0.09 mg/kg）逆转了乙醇诱导的情境和提示恐惧条件反射缺陷（1.0 和 1.5 g/kg），而低剂量乙醇（0.25 g/kg）逆转了尼古丁（6.3 mg kg(-1) 停止日（-1））戒断诱导的情境缺陷。调理。人们对尼古丁对乙醇诱导的条件反射缺陷的影响产生了耐受性，并且慢性尼古丁和急性乙醇之间的交叉耐受性被发现增强了乙醇对条件反射的作用。结论乙醇和尼古丁对行为的复杂且有时极性的作用可能导致这些药物的共同滥用。具体来说，吸烟最初可能会减少乙醇的厌恶作用，但会对这种作用产生耐受性。此外，低剂量的酒精可能会减轻尼古丁戒断症状。
Objective and rationale Alcohol and nicotine are commonly co-abused; one possible explanation for co-abuse is that each drug ameliorates the aversive effects of the other. Both drugs have dose-dependent effects on learning and memory. Thus, this study examined the interactive effects of acute ethanol and acute, chronic, or withdrawal from chronic nicotine on fear conditioning in C57BL/6J mice.Materials and methods Conditioning consisted of auditory conditioned stimulus-foot-shock unconditioned stimulus pairings. For acute studies, saline or ethanol, then saline or nicotine was administered before training, and saline or nicotine was also administered before testing. For chronic and withdrawal studies, saline or nicotine was administered chronically, and ethanol or saline was administered before training.Results Acute nicotine (0.09 mg/kg) reversed ethanol-induced deficits (1.0 and 1.5 g/kg) in contextual and cued fear conditioning, whereas a low dose of ethanol (0.25 g/kg) reversed nicotine (6.3 mg kg(-1) stop day(-1)) withdrawal-induced deficits in contextual conditioning. Tolerance developed for the effects of nicotine on ethanol-induced deficits in conditioning and cross-tolerance between chronic nicotine and acute ethanol was seen for the enhancing effects of ethanol on conditioning.Conclusions The complex and sometimes polar actions of ethanol and nicotine on behavior may contribute to co-abuse of these drugs. Specifically, smoking may initially reduce the aversive effects of ethanol, but tolerance develops for this effect. In addition, low doses of alcohol may lessen nicotine withdrawal symptoms.