Adult age differences in learning and generalization of feedback-based associations.
Adult age differences in learning and generalization of feedback-based associations.
复制标题
成人年龄在学习和基于反馈的关联的概括方面存在差异。
DOI：
10.1037/a0033844
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gluck,MarkA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simon,JessicaR;Gluck,MarkA
基于反馈的联想学习（例如，从积极或消极的结果中获得新的关联）和概括（例如，将过去的学习应用于新的环境）是重要的认知技能，使人们能够做出经济决策或社会判断。这种基于反馈获得新技能并将这些经验转移到新情况下预测积极结果的能力在所有年龄段都是必不可少的，但对于必须不断适应新的人，环境和技术的老年人来说尤其如此。来自动物实验、临床研究和计算模型的大量证据表明，基于反馈的联想学习对基底神经节功能障碍敏感，并对内侧颞叶功能障碍敏感。这种分离是相关的，因为最近的证据表明，健康的老龄化损害基底神经节系统早于内侧颞叶。然而，很少有研究调查健康老龄化如何影响这些认知过程。在这里，我们研究了基于反馈的联想学习和概括在年轻人，中年人和老年人使用计算机获得的等效任务。结果显示，年龄组的反馈为基础的联想学习的显着影响，与持续的年龄相关的下降，在基底神经节的证据相一致。相比之下，除了年龄最大的成年组，所有人都没有泛化，这可能反映了内侧颞叶的功能一直保留到老年。我们的研究结果增加了行为证据，以新兴的观点，即健康的老龄化影响纹状体系统之前，内侧颞叶。虽然还需要进一步的证据，但这一发现可能揭示了健康老龄化中神经系统功能障碍的可能时间进程。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Feedback-based associative learning (eg, acquiring new associations from positive or negative outcomes) and generalization (eg, applying past learning to new settings) are important cognitive skills that enable people to make economic decisions or social judgments. This ability to acquire new skills based on feedback and transfer those experiences to predict positive outcomes in novel situations is essential at all ages, but especially among older adults who must continually adapt to new people, environments, and technologies. Ample evidence from animal work, clinical research, and computational modeling has demonstrated that feedback-based associative learning is sensitive to basal ganglia dysfunction and generalization to medial temporal lobe dysfunction. This dissociation is relevant because of recent evidence that has suggested healthy aging compromises the basal ganglia system earlier than the medial temporal lobes. However, few studies have investigated how healthy aging influences these cognitive processes. Here, we examined both feedback-based associative learning and generalization in younger, middle-aged, and older adults using a computerized acquired equivalence task. Results revealed a significant effect of age group on feedback-based associative learning, consistent with evidence of persistent age-related declines in the basal ganglia. In contrast, generalization was spared in all but the oldest adult group, likely reflecting preserved medial temporal lobe function until advanced old age. Our findings add behavioral evidence to the emerging view that healthy aging affects the striatal system before the medial temporal lobes. Although further evidence is needed, this finding may shed light on the possible time course of neural system dysfunction in healthy aging.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)