Source tracking swine fecal waste in surface water proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations.
Source tracking swine fecal waste in surface water proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.062
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stewart JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heaney CD;Myers K;Wing S;Hall D;Baron D;Stewart JR
过去几十年来，养猪业经历了许多变化，导致动物密度较高，被称为封闭式动物饲养场 (CAFO)。这些作业产生大量粪便废物，其环境影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查猪 CAFO 附近地表水中的微生物水质，包括猪特异性粪便微生物的微生物源追踪。在一年的时间内，对靠近猪 CAFO 泻湖荒地施用点的上游和下游地点的地表水样本进行了粪便指示细菌（粪便大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和肠球菌）和候选猪特异性微生物源追踪 (MST) 标记（拟杆菌 Pig-1-Bac、Pig-2-Bac 和 Pig-Bac-2 以及产甲烷菌 P23-2）的检测。对 187 个样本的测试显示，上游和下游站点的粪便指示菌浓度都很高。总体而言，40%、23% 和 61% 的样品中粪便大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和肠球菌含量分别超过了州和联邦娱乐用水质量准则。 Pig-1-Bac 和 Pig-2-Bac 对猪粪便废物表现出最高的特异性，在猪 CAFO 的近端下游比近端上游分别为 2.47（95% 置信区间 [CI] = 1.03, 5.94）和 2.30 倍（95% CI = 0.90, 5.88）。当 48 小时前降雨量大于平均值和小于平均值时，Pig-1-Bac 和 Pig-2-Bac 的发生率也分别是平均值的 2.87 (95% CI = 1.21, 6.80) 和 3.36 (95% CI = 1.34, 8.41) 倍。结果表明，猪 CAFO 密度较高的地表水卫生质量普遍较差。 Pig-1-Bac 和 Pig-2-Bac 可用于跟踪猪粪便废物在猪 CAFO 附近和下游的地表水中以及在降雨期间的异地输送情况。
Swine farming has gone through many changes in the last few decades, resulting in operations with a high animal density known as confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These operations produce a large quantity of fecal waste whose environmental impacts are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate microbial water quality in surface waters proximal to swine CAFOs including microbial source tracking of fecal microbes specific to swine. For one year, surface water samples at up- and downstream sites proximal to swine CAFO lagoon waste land application sites were tested for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and candidate swine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroidales Pig-1-Bac, Pig-2-Bac, and Pig-Bac-2, and methanogen P23-2). Testing of 187 samples showed high fecal indicator bacteria concentrations at both up- and downstream sites. Overall, 40%, 23%, and 61% of samples exceeded state and federal recreational water quality guidelines for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac showed the highest specificity to swine fecal wastes and were 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 5.94) and 2.30 times (95% CI = 0.90, 5.88) as prevalent proximal down- than proximal upstream of swine CAFOs, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac were also 2.87 (95% CI = 1.21, 6.80) and 3.36 (95% CI = 1.34, 8.41) times as prevalent when 48 hour antecedent rainfall was greater than versus less than the mean, respectively. Results suggest diffuse and overall poor sanitary quality of surface waters where swine CAFO density is high. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac are useful for tracking off-site conveyance of swine fecal wastes into surface waters proximal to and downstream of swine CAFOs and during rain events.