Common mechanisms in proboscis extension conditioning and visual learning revealed by genetic selection in honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis)
Common mechanisms in proboscis extension conditioning and visual learning revealed by genetic selection in honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis)
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蜜蜂遗传选择揭示了长鼻伸展调节和视觉学习的常见机制（Apis mellifera capensis）
DOI：
10.1007/bf00192025
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Menzel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Brandes;R. Menzel
摘要选择嗅觉和机械感觉刺激条件下表现高（N=2）和低（N=2）的4个蜜蜂品系，在两个视觉学习任务中进行了实验研究。蜜蜂被训练在蜂房入口或喂食站使用彩色纸板。嗅觉/机械感觉条件作用与视觉学习呈正相关。嗅觉调节组的学习效果好和学习效果差的学生在视觉学习价值上存在显著差异。这些压力差异反映了共同学习系统的遗传差异，而不是在感觉、运动或动机成分上的特定任务差异。受菌落活动影响的参数（在喂食地点停留的时间、两次访问之间的时间）在选定菌株之间也存在差异。这些影响不是由于自然选择。相反，它们反映了每个菌株独立于选择而产生的特定遗传背景。结果表明，联想学习具有遗传基础，它独立于与奖励相关的感官刺激、学习过程（经典条件反射或工具学习）或用于执行学习行为的运动模式（长鼻伸展、飞行行为控制、开放场定向）。
SummaryFour strains of the honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis), which were selected for high (N=2) or low (N=2) performance levels in classic conditioning of olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli, were examined in two instrumental visual learning tasks. Bees were trained to coloured cardboards either at the hive entrance or at the feeding station. Positive correlations were detected between olfactory/mechanosensory conditioning and visual learning. Good and poor learners from strains selected for olfactory conditioning differed significantly in their visual learning values. These strain differences reflect genetic differences in a common learning system rather than task specific differences in sensory, motor or motivational components. Parameters that were influenced by activity of the colony (duration of stay at the feeding place, time between visits) also differed among selected strains. These effects were not due to selection. Instead, they reflect a specific genetic background produced in each strain independently of selection. The results indicate that associative learning has a genetic basis which is independent of the sensory stimuli associated with reward, the learning procedure (classical conditioning or instrumental learning) or the motor patterns used to execute the learned behavior (proboscis extension, control for flight behavior, open field orientation).