On semi-transitive orientability of Kneser graphs and their complements

On semi-transitive orientability of Kneser graphs and their complements
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克内泽图及其补图的半传递可定向性

DOI:
10.1016/j.disc.2020.111909
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
S. Kitaev and A. Saito
S. Kitaev and A. Saito
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Okumura Keisuke;Machida Manao;Defago Xavier;Tamura Yasumasa;S. Kitaev and A. Saito

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一个图的方向是半传递的,如果它是非圈的,并且对于任何有向路v 0→v 1→⋯→v k,在v 0和v k之间不存在边,或者v i→v j是所有0≤i<j≤k的边。如果一个无向图具有半传递方向,则它是半传递的。半传递图包括三色图、可比图、圈图等几类重要的图,它们正是文献中广泛研究的一类词可表示图。本文研究了著名的K(n,k)图的半传递方向性,K(n,k)是指其顶点对应于一个n元集合的k元子集的图,且其中两个顶点相邻当且仅当两个对应的集合不相交。证明了K(n,k)对于任意偶数k≥2和n≥3 k以及对任意奇数k≥3和n≥3 k+3都不是半传递的.另一方面,对于m∈{2 k,2 k+1},K(n,k)是半传递的.此外,如果K(p,q)不是半传递的,则K(n,k)对于任何k≥q和n≥k q p都不是半传递的.此外,我们通过计算证明了K(8,3)不是半传递的,这使得对于任何k≥3和n≥8⋅k3,K(n,k)都不是半传递的.我们提出的K(8,3)的某个子图S和K(8,3)本身是无三角形非半传递图的第一个显式例子.它的存在性是由Halldórsson,Kitaev和Pyatkin在ő等人(2011年)通过Erd-De,Kitaev和Pyatkin定理建立的。最后,K(n,k)的补图K(n,k)‘不是半传递的当且仅当n>2k。
An orientation of a graph is semi-transitive if it is acyclic, and for any directed path v 0→ v 1→⋯→ v k either there is no edge between v 0 and v k, or v i→ v j is an edge for all 0≤ i< j≤ k. An undirected graph is semi-transitive if it admits a semi-transitive orientation. Semi-transitive graphs include several important classes of graphs such as 3-colourable graphs, comparability graphs, and circle graphs, and they are precisely the class of word-representable graphs studied extensively in the literature. In this paper, we study semi-transitive orientability of the celebrated Kneser graph K (n, k), which is the graph whose vertices correspond to the k-element subsets of a set of n elements, and where two vertices are adjacent if and only if the two corresponding sets are disjoint. We show that K (n, k) is not semi-transitive for any even integers k≥ 2 and n≥ 3 k and for any odd integers k≥ 3 and n≥ 3 k+ 3. On the other hand, for m∈{2 k, 2 k+ 1}, K (n, k) is semi-transitive. Also, if K (p, q) is not semi-transitive, then K (n, k) is not semi-transitive for any k≥ q and n≥ k q p. Moreover, we show computationally that K (8, 3) is not semi-transitive, which results in K (n, k) being not semi-transitive for any k≥ 3 and n≥ 8⋅ k 3. A certain subgraph S of K (8, 3) presented by us and K (8, 3) itself are the first explicit examples of triangle-free non-semi-transitive graphs, whose existence was established via Erdős’ theorem by Halldórsson, Kitaev and Pyatkin in Halldórsson et al.(2011). Finally, the complement graph K (n, k)¯ of K (n, k) is not semi-transitive if and only if n> 2 k.
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