CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INFLUENZA-A VIRUS FROM SEALS
CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INFLUENZA-A VIRUS FROM SEALS
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DOI：
10.1016/0042-6822(81)90200-2
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
PETURSSON, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WEBSTER, RG;HINSHAW, VS;PETURSSON, G
从1979-1980年冬季在美国马萨诸塞州科德角半岛死于急性出血性肺炎的海豹(P.vitulina)身上分离到一种与A/FPV/Dutch/27(Hav1Neq1)[H7N7]抗原性相似的甲型流感病毒。从海豹的肺部获得了高滴度的病毒，从脑部获得了较低的病毒滴度。虽然对RNA的抗原性分析和鉴定表明，所有的基因和基因产物都与不同的禽流感病毒密切相关，但从生物学上讲，该病毒的行为更像是哺乳动物的毒株。海豹病毒在实验感染的海豹身上复制并产生肺炎，但临床过程和病理没有自然感染时那么严重；病毒也在雪貂、猫和猪身上复制，但没有产生疾病。在禽类中，海豹流感病毒复制很差，没有疾病症状，也不会在粪便中传播。尽管海豹流感病毒可以在已知眼睛受到受感染动物污染的人类中引起结膜炎，但血清学研究没有发现接触受感染海豹或与病毒接触的人发生血清转换的证据。初步研究在新英格兰海岸的海豹身上发现了这种病毒的抗体，但在其他地区的海豹、灰海豹或毛海豹身上没有检测到这种病毒的抗体，这表明这种病毒可能是该物种的新引入。1980年也从冰岛野鸭身上分离到一株Hav1Neq1[H7N7]病毒，但通过对它们的RNA和宿主范围的分析可以区分这两种病毒。A/Seal/MASS/1/80流感病毒提供了第一个证据，表明从一种或多种禽流感病毒获得其所有基因的毒株可能与自然界哺乳动物种群中的严重疾病有关。这种对物种特异性的破坏是否代表着流感进化中的一个独特事件仍有待确定，但增加了人类或动物Infleunza病毒可能直接来自禽类毒株的可能性。
An influenza A virus antigenically similar to A/FPV/Dutch/27 (Hav1Neq1) [H7N7] was isolated from harbor seals (P. vitulina) that had died of acute hemorrhagic pneumonia on Cape Cod Peninsula [Massachusetts, USA], beginning in the winter of 1979-1980. High titers of virus were obtained from the lungs and lower titers from the brains of the seals. Although antigenic analyses and characterization of the RNA show that all of the genes and gene products are closely related to different avian influenza viruses, biologically the virus behaves more like a mammalian strain. The seal virus replicated and produced pneumonia in experimentally infected harbor seals but the clinical course and pathology were less severe than in the natural infection; the virus also replicated in ferrets, cats and pigs but produced no disease. In avian species, the seal influenza virus replicated poorly, produced no disease signs and was not shed in the feces. Although the seal influenza virus can cause conjunctivitis in humans who have known contamination of the eyes from infected animals, serological studies detected no evidence of seroconversion among persons working with infected seals or with the virus. Preliminary studies detected antibodies to this virus in harbor seals on the New England coast but not in harbor seals, gray seals or fur seals from other areas, suggesting that this virus may be a new introduction to this species. An Hav1Neq1 [H7N7] virus was also isolated from feral ducks in Iceland in 1980 but the 2 viruses could be distinguished by analysis of their RNA and host range. The A/Seal/Mass/1/80 influenza virus provides the 1st evidence suggesting that a strain deriving all of its genes from 1 or more avian influenza viruses can be associated with severe disease in a mammalian population in nature. Whether this breach of species specificity represents a unique event in influenza evolution remains to be determined but raises the possibility that human or animal infleunza viruses may be derived directly from avian strains.