Role of sweeteners in the etiology and prevention of dental caries
Role of sweeteners in the etiology and prevention of dental caries
复制标题
DOI：
10.1351/pac200274071293
复制
发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Hamada, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamada, S
龋齿是一种多因素疾病，由三个主要因素的相互作用引起，即，牙齿、致龋细菌和可发酵糖。变形链球菌和S.远缘链球菌（统称为变形链球菌（MS））是龋齿的主要病原体。最初的MS-牙齿表面附着之后是MS牢固且不可逆地粘附到牙齿表面，伴随着通过葡糖基转移酶（GTases）的酶促作用从蔗糖合成水不溶性葡聚糖。MS在高蔗糖饮食喂养的大鼠中诱导严重的龋齿。流行病学调查表明，频繁的蔗糖摄入与人类龋齿的高患病率有关。相反，饮食中的蔗糖限制和/或使用不可发酵的蔗糖替代品明显影响MS的GTase活性，从而减少龋齿的发生。蔗糖的结构异构体（即，由具有不同键的葡萄糖和果糖组成的二糖）将不起MS的GTase的底物的作用，也不被MS用作能源。帕拉金糖和海藻酮糖包括在这一类中，并且在日本以商业规模生产。发现含有α-1，6和/或α-1，4键的葡萄糖低聚物抑制MS从蔗糖合成葡聚糖，尽管这些低聚物被MS水解以释放酸。最后，糖醇，包括麦芽糖醇和palatinit，可用作非龋齿诱导甜味剂。
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is caused by an interplay of three major factors, i.e., teeth, cariogenic bacteria, and fermentable sugars. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus, collectively termed mutans streptococci (MS), are principal causative agents of dental caries. Initial MS-tooth surface attachment is followed by firm and irreversible adhesion of MS to the tooth surface, accompanied by the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan from sucrose via enzymatic action of glucosyltransferases (GTases). MS induce severe dental caries in rats fed on a high-sucrose diet. Epidemiological surveys indicate that frequent sucrose intakes are associated with high prevalence of dental caries in humans. In contrast, dietary sucrose restrictions and/or use of nonfermentable sucrose substitutes clearly influence the GTase activities of MS, resulting in decreased caries development. Structural isomers of sucrose (i.e., disaccharides composed of glucose and fructose with different linkages) will not function as substrates for GTases of MS, nor be utilized as energy sources by MS. Palatinose and trehalulose are included in this category, and are produced in commercial scales in Japan. Glucose oligomers containing alpha-1, 6 and/or alpha-1, 4 linkages are found to inhibit glucan synthesis by MS from sucrose, although these oligomers are hydrolyzed by MS to release acids. Lastly, sugar alcohols, including maltitol and palatinit, are useful as non-caries-inducing sweeteners.