Territorial Behavior in Males of Philanthus psyche (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)
Territorial Behavior in Males of Philanthus psyche (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)
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Philanthus psyche 雄性（膜翅目、Sphecidae）的领地行为
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发表时间：
1979
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通讯作者：
K. M. O’Neill
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作者：
K. M. O’Neill
尽管早在19世纪中期，法布尔就观察并记录了这些黄蜂的行为，但在过去的30年里，Sphecidae科的比较行为学一直是深入研究的主题。大部分的研究都是在雌性身上进行的，这可能是因为它们的活动引人注目，而且它们的行为模式复杂，具有物种特异性。在过去的几年里，越来越多的工作集中在雄性蜘蛛的行为上，揭示了复杂的，有时令人费解的行为模式。林在1963年发表的一篇关于Sphecius speciosus雄性领域性的论文是对雄性行为进行严格研究的第一次尝试。雌性活动的显著性往往与雄性的不显著性相匹配，特别是当它们在出现后不经常出现在筑巢区时。即使在筑巢区或其他地方很容易观察到雄性，也很少观察到交配。除少数种类外，雄性蜘蛛不参与雌性蜘蛛的筑巢活动。Alcock等人（1978）将雄性刺翅目的交配策略分类为采取寻找雌性的形式（例如，Nyssonine沙蜂的“太阳舞”，Evans 1966）或等待（例如，领地）的女性在特定的地方，他们最有可能被发现。在时间和空间上的分布接受女性一直是男性交配策略的演变的主要影响。最近的一项关于雄性斑蚊的领土行为的综述（Alcock 1975 a）表明，在所有已知的情况下，这种行为都与确保雌性交配有关。我在这里将领土权定义为“一个固定的区域，入侵者被广告、威胁或
The comparative ethology of the family Sphecidae has been the subject of intensive study over the last thirty years, although the behavior of these wasps was observed and recorded by Fabre as early as the mid-1800’s. The majority of work has been done on females, probably because of the conspicuousness of their activities and their complex, species-specific behavior patterns. In the past few years, an increasing amount of work has concentrated on the behavior of male sphecids, revealing complex and sometimes puzzling behavior patterns. Lin’s paper (1963) on male territoriality in Sphecius speciosus was one of the first attempts at a rigorous study of male behavior. The conspicuousness of female activity is often matched by the inconspicuousness of the males, particularly when they do not frequent the nesting area subsequent to emergence. Even when males are easily observed, in the nesting area or elsewhere, matings are rarely observed. Male sphecids, except in a few species, do not participate in the nesting activities of the females. Alcock et al. (1978) classify the mating strategies of male aculeate Hymenoptera as taking the form of either searching for females (e.g., the "sun dance" of Nyssonine sand wasps, Evans 1966) or waiting for (e.g., territoriality) females at particular localities where they are most likely to be found. The distribution of receptive females in time and space has been a major influence on the evolution of male mating strategies. A recent review of territorial behavior in male sphecids (Alcock 1975a) shows that in all known cases this behavior is associated with securing females for copulation. I define territoriality here as "a fixed area from which intruders are excluded by some combination of advertisement, threat or