Analysis of Farming Practices through Soil Moisture and Sowing Date Adjustment of Rainfed Rice Cultivation in Central Benin, West Africa
Analysis of Farming Practices through Soil Moisture and Sowing Date Adjustment of Rainfed Rice Cultivation in Central Benin, West Africa
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西非贝宁中部雨养稻种植土壤湿度和播期调整的耕作方法分析
DOI：
10.11248/jsta.66.130
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joji Miyazawa and Akira Miyazaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
劉 又銘;田渕雄夢;辻井良政;山本直樹;野尻秀昭;岡田憲典;Joji Miyazawa and Akira Miyazaki
西非对大米的需求正在增加，但平均产量很低，特别是在主要种植大米的旱作系统中。为了了解低产的原因，并为农民提供适当的管理，我们在2015-2016年间就贝宁中部的播种期进行了农民访谈和产量调查。访谈结果表明，水稻产量与季节降雨量呈正相关，但农户之间的产量差异较大。我们发现，与高产农户(≥，2t ha-1)相比，低产农户(LYF，<；2t ha-1)的水稻面积显著减少，特别是在旱季之后。与HYF相比，LYF播种水稻和其他作物的时间要晚得多。产量调查结果表明，早于平均播种期3-6周播种水稻显著增加了两个农民群体的产量，这是因为土壤水分更高，最终避免了干旱。LYF田产量低的原因是土壤含水率低、抽穗延迟、小穗数(m-2)减少和籽粒充实率低。在高土壤湿度的田地上种植水稻是旱作系统高产稳产的先决条件。但由于早播可获得2tha-1左右的产量，因此优化播期是旱作水稻增产增收的有效途径。
Demands for rice is increasing in West Africa, however, average yields are low, especially in the rainfed systems where the majority of the rice is cultivated. To understand the causes of low yield and appropriate managements for farmers, we conducted farmers’ interviews and a yield survey regarding sowing dates in Central Benin during 2015–2016. The interview results showed that rice yields positively corresponded with the seasonal rainfall, however, large yield variations were seen between farmers. We found that low-yield farmers (LYF,< 2 t ha-1) significantly reduced their rice areas in comparison to highyield farmers (HYF,≥ 2 t ha-1), especially after a dry cropping season. LYFs sowed rice and other crops at a significantly later date than HYFs. The yield survey results showed that sowing rice 3–6 weeks earlier than the average sowing date significantly increased yields for both farmer groups, due to higher soil moistures and terminal drought escape. The low yield in the LYF field was explained by low soil moisture content, delayed heading, reduced number of spikelets (m-2) and low filled grain percentage. Cultivating rice on fields with high soil moisture is a prerequisite for high and stable yields in the rainfed systems. However, as yields of around 2 t ha-1 were achieved on the LYF field by early sowing, the optimization of sowing dates could be considered as an effective method for increasing production and rice areas in the rainfed systems.