Measuring the relative magnitude of unconscious influences
Measuring the relative magnitude of unconscious influences
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DOI：
10.1006/ccog.1995.1049
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Stolz, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merikle, PM;Joordens, S;Stolz, JA
作为一种替代建立意识阈值，刺激的背景下，有更大的意识或更大的无意识的影响被定义的基础上的性能上的排除任务。目标词呈现的时间很短，每个目标词后面紧跟着三个字母的词干。受试者被指示用目标词以外的任何词完成每个词干。在这项任务中，排除目标词的失败表明更大的无意识影响，而成功的排除表明更大的有意识影响。有意识的影响在长时间内占主导地位（例如，214 ms），但无意识的影响在短时间内占主导地位（例如，50 ms）。排除任务上的表现成功地预测了Stroop启动和识别记忆中的质的差异，以前与有意识和无意识的影响的不同效果的质的差异。两者合计，这些结果表明，排除任务允许无意识和有意识的影响来定义从基线性能的显着偏差。因此，排除任务提供了一种区分有意识和无意识影响的方法，不需要建立零意识的阈值。(C)出版社：Academic Press
As an alternative to establishing awareness thresholds, stimulus contexts in which there were either greater conscious or greater unconscious influences were defined on the basis of performance on an exclusion task. Target words were presented for brief durations and each target word was followed immediately by its three-letter stem. Subjects were instructed to complete each stem with any word other than the target word. With this task, failures to exclude target words indicate greater unconscious influences, whereas successful exclusion indicates greater conscious influences. Conscious influences were dominant at long durations (e.g., 214 ms), but unconscious influences were dominant at short durations (e.g., 50 ms). Performance on the exclusion task successfully predicted both qualitative differences in Stroop priming and qualitative differences in recognition memory previously associated with the different effects of conscious and unconscious influences. Taken together, these results demonstrate that an exclusion task allows both unconscious and conscious influences to be defined in terms of significant deviations from baseline performance. As such, exclusion tasks provide a method for distinguishing conscious from unconscious influences that does not require establishing thresholds for null awareness. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.