Value Chain Management in the Chemical Industry
Value Chain Management in the Chemical Industry
复制标题
化工行业的价值链管理
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-7908-2032-4
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Kannegiesser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Kannegiesser
在人类历史上，全球贸易在古代世界就已经存在，当时人们开始与其他全球地区进行自然资源、动物或产品的贸易。早期的例子有公元前7,500到4,000年间从亚洲进口驯养动物到撒哈拉沙漠，从南亚穿过中东到欧洲的丝绸之路或琥珀路。在中世纪，国际海上贸易是在威尼斯、热那亚、荷兰和佛兰芒等城市周围的欧洲城市或汉萨同盟的推动下发展起来的。对新的全球贸易路线的搜索是发现的驱动力，例如哥伦布到达美洲寻找通往印度的新海上贸易路线(NN 2005a；NN 2005b；NN 2005c)。古代世界的全球贸易面临着巨大的运输时间、风险和成本，以及地区之间的供需信息不对称，以及关税或货币丧失可兑换等贸易壁垒的挑战。进入21世纪以来，全球运输时间、风险和成本大幅下降，通信和信息技术使人们能够跨越地理距离，减少全球区域之间的信息不对称。此外，通过关税和贸易总协定(GATT)等贸易协定和世界贸易组织(WTO)等组织，贸易壁垒和市场保护主义得到了系统的减少。在微观经济层面上，简单的公司价值链由购买产品、有选择地制造其他产品、向客户分销和销售这些产品并获得利润组成，成为遍布全球的复杂网络。全球运营的公司面临着以盈利的方式管理这个网络中的数量和价值，以确保竞争力和业务可持续性的任务。这项工作研究了在全球价值链网络中联合规划化学工业商品产品的数量和价值的问题。化学工业是一个流程工业部门，提供在进行特定物理和化学反应的重复生产过程中生产的产品(Günther/van Beek，2003a，第2页)。化学工业是全球主要工业之一，2004年全球化学产品销售额为17,760亿欧元(CEFIC2005，第3页)。全球化与地区增长差异和商品化与价格压力
In human history, global trade existed already in the ancient world, when people started to trade natural resources, animals or products with other global regions. Early examples are the imports of domesticated animals from Asia to the Sahara between 7,500 and 4,000 BC, the Silk Road from Southern Asia across the Middle East to Europe or the Amber Road. In the Middle Ages, international sea trade was fostered in Europe around cities of Venice, Genoa, Dutch and Flemish cities or by the Hanseatic League. The search for new global trade routes was a driver for discoveries like the arrival of Columbus in America looking for a new sea trade route to India (NN 2005a; NN 2005b; NN 2005c). Global trade in ancient world was challenged by significant transportation time, risks and costs, as well as demand and supply information asymmetry between regions and trade barriers such as tariffs or missing convertibility of currencies. With the beginning of the 21st century, global transportation times, risks and costs decreased dramatically, communication and information technology enabled people to overcome geographical distances and to reduce information asymmetry between global regions. In addition, trade barriers and market protectionism were systematically reduced through trade agreements like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO). On the micro-economic level, simple company value chains consisting of buying products to optionally make other products out of it, to distribute and sell these products with a margin to customers become complex networks with globally spread out locations. Globally operating companies face the task to manage volumes and values in this network in a profitable way to ensure competitiveness and business sustainability. This work investigates the problem to jointly plan volumes and values in a global value chain network for commodity products in the chemical industry. The chemical industry is a process industry sector offering products produced in repetitive production processes carrying out specific physical and chemical reactions (Günther/van Beek 2003a, p. 2). The chemical industry is one of the key global industries with chemical product sales of€ 1,776 billion globally in 2004 (CEFIC 2005, p. 3). Globalization with regional growth differences and commoditization with price pressure