Any Portal in a Storm? Collaborative and crowdsourced maps in response to Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan, Philippines
Any Portal in a Storm? Collaborative and crowdsourced maps in response to Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan, Philippines
复制标题
暴风雨中有传送门吗？
DOI：
10.1111/1468-5973.12330
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Cate Turk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cate Turk
至少在十年前就认识到了众包自愿提供地理信息以及时提供危机信息的前景。当制图师和开发人员磨练地图和数据的准确性时，社会科学家通过各种理论视角批评这些技术：从数字人道主义的知识政治角度;作为新自由主义治理的工具;以及作为支持自动化或远程政府的数据化的例子。在所有这些主张中，现在是时候回到地图本身，作为经验性的例子，考虑它们实际提供的信息。本文研究了2013年底菲律宾台风尤兰达/海燕之后的众包和协作地图。各种人道主义、测绘和媒体组织制作了应对台风的地图。对地图内容的定性分析质疑这些地图揭示了灾难的什么，以及地图是否真的产生了支持者所声称的信息。对每个地图中的数据进行分析后发现，所绘制的大部分情况信息已经在其他地方可用，通过这些项目出现的新的地面事实很少。通过展示这些地图中介导的信息的局限性，研究结果对打算帮助救灾的灾难从业者和数字志愿者具有实际和政策影响。
The promises of crowdsourcing volunteered geographic information (VGI) for providing timely information about crises were recognized at least a decade ago. While cartographers and developers hone the accuracy of maps and data, social scientists critique these technologies through various theoretical lenses: in terms of knowledge politics of digital humanitarianism; as tools of neoliberal governance; and as examples of datification supporting automated or remote government. Amidst all these claims, it is time to return to the maps themselves, as empirical examples, considering the information they actually provide. This paper examines crowdsourced and collaborative maps from late 2013 following Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan in the Philippines. Various humanitarian, mapping, and media organizations produced maps in response to the typhoon. Close qualitative analysis of map content queries what these maps reveal about the disaster and whether the maps really produce the information that proponents claim. Analysis of data curated in each map reveals that much of the situational information being mapped is already available elsewhere and that few new ground truths have emerged through these projects. By demonstrating the limitations of the information mediated in these maps, the findings have practical and policy implications for disaster practitioners and digital volunteers intending to help disaster response.