The swimming of minute organisms
The swimming of minute organisms
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微小生物的游泳
DOI：
10.1017/s0022112065001337
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发表时间：
1965
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
A. J. Reynolds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. J. Reynolds
一些有关的小生物体的推进的过程进行了研究，使用简单的数学模型的二维波通过一个片浸没在粘性流体。这个模型首先由泰勒使用，他考虑了一个在惯性可以忽略的无界流体中运动的不可伸展的薄片。这里的流体惯性的影响，应变的波轴承表面，和附近的墙壁包括在研究中。结果的适用性受到模型不切实际的几何形状和分析方法的限制，分析方法仅对小雷诺数和小波幅有效。然而，下面的一般结果在性质上可能有对应物。流体惯性的作用是增加特定波幅的推进速度。波浪表面的拉紧可能会降低给定振幅的推进速度，尽管存在着表面拉紧的模式，使推进力增大。如果在有固体壁的情况下，游泳时的波浪速度和能量输出保持恒定，则波浪的振幅随着接近壁而减小，而推进速度先略有上升，然后下降。进一步看来，在壁附近游泳的生物体可能会引起一种剪切模式，使其远离壁。
Some of the processes relevant to the propulsion of small organisms are investigated using the simple mathematical model of two-dimensional waves passing through a sheet immersed in a viscous fluid. This model was first used by Taylor, who considered an inextensible sheet moving in an unbounded fluid of negligible inertia. Here the effects of fluid inertia, of straining of the wave-bearing surface, and of nearby walls are included in the study. The applicability of the results is restricted both by the unrealistic geometry of the model and by the method of analysis which gives results valid for small Reynolds numbers and for small wave amplitudes only. However, the following general results may have counterparts in nature. The effect of fluid inertia is to increase the propulsive speed for a particular wave amplitude. Straining of the waving surface will probably reduce the propulsive velocity for a given amplitude, although there exist modes of surface straining that give augmented propulsion. If the wave celerity and the energy output in swimming remain constant in the presence of a solid wall, the amplitude of the wave is reduced as the wall is approached while the propulsive speed first rises slightly and then drops. It appears further that an organism swimming near a wall may induce a shear pattern which directs it away from the wall.