Regional ocean models indicate changing limits to biological invasions in the Bering Sea
Regional ocean models indicate changing limits to biological invasions in the Bering Sea
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DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fsaa014
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Reimer, J. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Droghini, A.;Fischbach, A. S.;Reimer, J. P.
据信，最小的船舶交通量和冷水温度限制了高纬度生态系统中的非本地物种。我们评估了白令海是否存在适合NIS生存和繁殖的条件。我们编制了NIS的温度和盐度阈值，并将其与两个研究期间预测的海洋条件进行了比较：最近（2003-2012）和本世纪中叶（2030-2039）。我们还探讨了美国白令海港口的船舶交通和连通性模式。我们发现，白令海东南部有80%的NIS评估（n = 42）全年生存的合适条件。这个非常适合的地区是荷兰港的所在地，该港口是美国白令海最多的船只到达和压载水排放地。北纬58度以北的条件，包括零度以下的冬季水温，不适合大多数NIS。虽然本世纪中叶的模型预测适宜的条件会向北扩展，但繁殖条件仍然很有限。只有40%的NIS评估（n = 25）有6周或更长的时间，条件适合繁殖。我们的研究结果说明了潜在的脆弱性，一个商业上重要的亚北极生态系统，并强调需要考虑成年人生存后的生命阶段，评估限制NIS的建立。
Minimal vessel traffic and cold water temperatures are believed to limit non-indigenous species (NIS) in high-latitude ecosystems. We evaluated whether suitable conditions exist in the Bering Sea for the survival and reproduction of NIS. We compiled temperature and salinity thresholds of NIS and compared these to ocean conditions projected during two study periods: recent (2003-2012) and mid-century (2030-2039). We also explored patterns of vessel traffic and connectivity for US Bering Sea ports. We found that the southeastern Bering Sea had suitable conditions for the year-round survival of 80% of NIS assessed (n = 42). This highly suitable area is home to the port of Dutch Harbor, which received the most vessel arrivals and ballast water discharge in the US Bering Sea. Conditions north of 58 degrees N that include sub-zero winter water temperatures were unsuitable for most NIS. While mid-century models predicted a northward expansion of suitable conditions, conditions for reproduction remained marginal. Only 40% of NIS assessed (n = 25) had 6 or more weeks where conditions were suitable for reproduction. Our findings illustrate the potential vulnerability of a commercially important subarctic ecosystem and highlight the need to consider life stages beyond adult survival when evaluating limits to NIS establishment.