Risk Environments, Race/Ethnicity, and HIV Status in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States.
Risk Environments, Race/Ethnicity, and HIV Status in a Large Sample of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0150410
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cooper HL;Linton S;Kelley ME;Ross Z;Wolfe ME;Chen YT;Zlotorzynska M;Hunter-Jones J;Friedman SR;Des Jarlais DC;Tempalski B;DiNenno E;Broz D;Wejnert C;Paz-Bailey G;National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
我们分析了美国黑人、拉丁裔和白色注射毒品者（PWID）的地方特征与HIV阴性之间的关系。PWID数据（N = 9077）来自疾病控制和预防中心的2009年全国艾滋病毒行为监测。行政数据进行了分析，以描述968个邮政编码，51个县，和19个大都市统计区（MSA），他们居住的地方。多层次多变量模型研究了地点特征与艾滋病毒感染状况之间的关系。估计了探索性人群归因风险因子（e-PAR%s）。如果黑人和拉丁裔PWID生活在经济条件不那么不利的县，或者生活在刑事司法活动较少的MSA（即，与毒品有关的逮捕率降低，治安/惩戒支出减少）。拉丁裔PWID更有可能是艾滋病毒阴性的MSA与更多的拉丁裔隔离，更少的黑人隔离，更少的暴力犯罪。E-PAR%s将黑人PWID中8-19%的艾滋病毒病例和拉丁美洲PWID中1-15%的病例归因于地方特征。对旨在改善经济条件和减少与毒品有关的刑事司法活动的结构性干预措施的评价可能表明，这些措施保护了黑人和拉丁裔艾滋病感染者免受艾滋病毒感染。
We analyzed relationships between place characteristics and being HIV-negative among black, Latino, and white people who inject drugs (PWID) in the US. Data on PWID (N = 9077) were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. Administrative data were analyzed to describe the 968 ZIP codes, 51 counties, and 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) where they lived. Multilevel multivariable models examined relationships between place characteristics and HIV status. Exploratory population attributable risk percents (e-PAR%s) were estimated. Black and Latino PWID were more likely to be HIV-negative if they lived in less economically disadvantaged counties, or in MSAs with less criminal-justice activity (i.e., lower drug-related arrest rates, lower policing/corrections expenditures). Latino PWID were more likely to be HIV-negative in MSAs with more Latino isolation, less black isolation, and less violent crime. E-PAR%s attributed 8–19% of HIV cases among black PWID and 1–15% of cases among Latino PWID to place characteristics. Evaluations of structural interventions to improve economic conditions and reduce drug-related criminal justice activity may show evidence that they protect black and Latino PWID from HIV infection.