Two Ways of Suspending Object Agreement in Puma: Between Incorporation, Antipassivization, and Optional Agreement
Two Ways of Suspending Object Agreement in Puma: Between Incorporation, Antipassivization, and Optional Agreement
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Puma 暂停对象协议的两种方式：合并、反钝化和可选协议
DOI：
10.5070/h97023032
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Sharma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Bickel;Martin Gaenszle;Arjun Rai;P. D. Rai;S. Rai;V. S. Rai;N. Sharma
虽然基兰蒂语的动词通常与及物动词的两个论元一致，但宾语一致也可以被暂停，导致词汇及物动词的不及物屈折变化。本文分析了Puma（南基兰蒂）的中止标的协议。在这种语言中，悬置宾语的一致性伴随着（i）无格宾语NP的强制实现，或者（ii）仅限于人的宾语指称，词素kha-的前缀。在语义上，这两种结构都与及物屈折形式形成对比，因为它们都意味着对象所指的基数是未知的;因此它们通常用于不可重复的或类属的指称。带有强制性NP的结构类似于并入，但与更知名的并入实例不同的是，对象是NP而不是名词词干，NP保持位置自由，这种结构与其他语言中的选择性合意模式也有相似之处，但与其他已知的选择性合意的情况不同，因为宾语失去了核心NP性质：在《彪马》中丢失的属性是格标记和话语的可选择性。带“kha-”的结构类似于反被动化，但与许多已知的反被动化实例不同的是，宾语不能被公开地实现，甚至不能作为一个附属物。
Although Kiranti languages generally show verb agreement with both arguments of a transitive verb, object agreement can also be suspended, resulting in the intransitive inflection of lexically transitive verbs. This paper analyzes suspended object agreement in Puma (Southern Kiranti). Suspended object agreement in this language is accompanied by either (i) the obligatory realization of a caseless object NP, or (ii), limited to human object referents, the prefixation of a morpheme kha-. Semantically, both constructions contrast with transitively inflected forms by entailing that the cardinality of object referents is unknown; they are thus generally used for non-enumerable or generic reference. The construction with an obligatory NP is similar to incorporation but differs from better known instances of incorporation by the fact that the object is an NP rather than a noun stem, that the NP keeps positional freedom, and that it can be relativized on. The construction also bears similarity to optional agreement patterns in other languages but differs from other known cases of optional agreement by the fact that the object looses core NP properties: the properties that are lost in Puma are case marking and optionality in discourse. The construction with kha- is similar to antipassivization but differs from many known instances of antipassivization by the fact that the object cannot be overtly realized, not even as an adjunct.