Logging History and Its Impact on Forest Structure and Species Composition in the Pasoh Forest Reserve — Implications for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Landscapes
Logging History and Its Impact on Forest Structure and Species Composition in the Pasoh Forest Reserve — Implications for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Landscapes
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巴索森林保护区的采伐历史及其对森林结构和物种组成的影响——对自然资源和景观可持续管理的启示
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-67008-7_2
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Hashim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Okuda;Mariko Suzuki;Naoki Adachi;Keiichiro Yoshida;K. Niiyama;N. S. M. Noor;N. Hussein;N. Manokaran;M. Hashim
摘要：在20世纪50年代，帕索森林保护区（Pasoh FR）的一部分曾经被称为马来亚统一制度（MUS）的伐木制度所砍伐。保护区核心区为具有典型的低地龙脑林结构和物种组成的残余未伐（原始林）林；保护区的采伐区也是低地森林再生的遗留区。在本章中，我们通过对该保护区原生林和再生林的比较，回顾和总结了采伐对森林结构和地上总生物量的影响。我们还研究了帕索森林地区的景观变化，以探讨该地区的伐木历史与其对森林的影响之间的关系。通过对该地区土地利用变化的时间顺序分析，我们发现，从1971年到1996年，大约50%的森林面积已经转变为油棕或橡胶种植园。除了帕索森林外，几乎所有在平原和冲积地形上发展起来的低地双果林都从该地区消失了。因此，只有很少的区域可以用MUS方法来管理，这种方法最初是为了在这种类型的森林中采伐较长的木材而设计的（大约70年）。通过对林分结构、林分结构和物种组成的分析，我们发现再生林的半中等（直径6 ~ 10 cm）和中等（10 ~ 30 cm）乔木密度较大，冠层较小的冠层乔木密度较高，非商业冠层乔木密度较高。这些调查结果表明，MUS的执行并不完全，因为该制度最初的目的是通过移除非商业树木来鼓励发展具有大量健全商业木材的统一森林结构。由于伐后间伐和植被控制不完全，导致树冠形成乔木密度高，导致再生林结构发育滞后。此外，再生林的野生动物种类组成和分布也与原始林不同。我们还发现，在采伐40年后，再生林的地上总生物量仍未完全恢复到原生林的水平。我们建议应采取“后续行动”，并特别关注鼓励林分的结构发展，我们认为这对生态上可持续的管理至关重要。
Abstract: A part of the Pasoh Forest Reserve (Pasoh FR) was once logged under a logging regime called the Malayan Uniform System (MUS) in the 1950s. The core area of the reserve is a residual unlogged (primary) forest that shows the typical structure and species composition of lowland dipterocarp forest; the logged area of the reserve is also a relict area of regenerating lowland forest. In this chapter, we review and summarize previous studies of logging impacts on the forest structure and total aboveground biomass by comparing the primary and regenerating forests of this reserve. We also studied landscape changes in the Pasoh Forest Region in order to discuss the relationship between logging history in this region and its impacts on the forest. From a chronological analysis of the changes in land use in this region, we found that ca. 50% of the forested area had been converted to either oil palm or rubber plantations from 1971 to 1996. Almost all of the lowland dipterocarp forest that had developed in the flat and alluvial topography had vanished from this region, except in the Pasoh FR. Thus, very little area was left to be managed by the MUS approach, which was originally designed for extracting timber with a longer logging cycle (>70 years) in this type of forest. By examining the canopy and stand structure and the species composition of these forests, we found a greater density of semi-medium (6-10 cm in diameter) and medium trees (10–30 cm), a higher density of canopy-forming trees with relatively smaller crowns, and a higher density of non-commercial canopy-forming trees in the regenerating forest. These findings suggest that the MUS was incompletely implemented, since this system originally aimed to encourage the development of a uniform forest structure with a large number of sound commercial timber trees by removing noncommercial trees. Owing to the high density of canopy-forming trees, which probably resulted from incomplete post-logging thinning and vegetation-control operations, structural development was delayed in the regenerating forest. In addition, the species composition and the distribution of wildlife in the regenerating forest differed from those in the primary forest. We also found that the total aboveground biomass in the regenerating forest had not fully recovered to the level in the primary forest even 40 years after logging. We suggest that “follow-up operations” should be undertaken, with a special concern for encouraging the structural development of the stand, which we consider to be crucial for ecologically sustainable management.