Microanalysis of ethanol self-administration: Estrous cycle phase-related changes in consumption patterns
Microanalysis of ethanol self-administration: Estrous cycle phase-related changes in consumption patterns
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02585.x
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Samson, HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ford, MM;Eldridge, JC;Samson, HH
背景：雌性啮齿动物和生殖周期在乙醇消费中的相关模式已经大致确定，但这些模式背后的调节过程仍有待澄清。对消耗动力学的评价可能有助于确定内源性状态（卵巢激素波动）变化对乙醇消耗模式的影响。本研究评估了整个发情周期中乙醇摄入模式的微观结构成分。方法：记录13只雌性Long-Evans大鼠连续（22小时/天）接触10%乙醇和自来水溶液10周内的累计舔食情况。喝酒的定义是连续舔20次或更多，间隔时间不超过60秒。每天在1100 - 1130小时对每只大鼠进行阴道涂片以评估发情周期。采用方差分析评价发情周期对消费模式参数的影响。结果：每日乙醇总摄入量不受发情周期的影响。与发情期和退情期相比，乙醇回合频率在发情期显著增加，而乙醇回合大小在退情期显著减少。使用乙醇的经历与发作频率的显著下降和发作大小在所有周期阶段的显著升高有关，这表明乙醇自我给药的开始是随着时间的推移而发生的。在整个发情周期中，乙醇舔舐反应的时间分布主要受小时和周期阶段逐小时相互作用的影响，并且在发情期和随后的发情前期之间，舔舐模式逐渐发生变化。结论：与发情周期相相关的乙醇摄入显微结构成分的变化表明，雌性大鼠对乙醇的神经生物学和强化效应的敏感性发生了改变。此外，这些发现暗示卵巢激素和其他神经调节剂在整个雌性大鼠发情周期中调控乙醇消耗模式的周期性波动。
Background: Female rodent and reproductive cycle-related patterns in ethanol consumption have been identified grossly, but the regulatory processes that underlie these patterns remain to be clarified. The evaluation of consummatory bout dynamics may be useful in determining the effects of a changing endogenous state (ovarian hormone fluctuations) on ethanol consumption patterns. This study assessed the microstructural components of ethanol intake patterns across the estrus cycle.Methods: Cumulative licking of 13 female Long-Evans rats was recorded during continuous access (22 hr/day) to 10% ethanol and tap water solutions throughout a 10 week period. Drinking bouts were defined as 20 or more successive licks separated by less than a 60 sec pause. Vaginal smears were obtained daily from each rat between 1100 and 1130 hr to assess estrus cycle phase. ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate estrus cycle effects on consumption pattern parameters.Results: Total daily ethanol intakes were unaffected by estrus cycle phase. Ethanol bout frequency was significantly greater during proestrus compared with all other phases, whereas ethanol bout sizes were significantly attenuated during proestrus compared with estrus and diestrus. Experience with ethanol was associated with a significant decline in bout frequency and a significant elevation in bout size across all cycle phases, which indicated that initiation of ethanol self-administration occurred over time. A significant main effect of hour and a cycle phase by hour interaction were found for the temporal distribution of ethanol lick responses throughout the estrus cycle, and a progressive shift in lick patterns evolved between estrus and the subsequent proestrus.Conclusions: The estrus cycle phase-related changes in the microstructural components of ethanol intake suggest that female rats experience periods of altered sensitivity to the neurobiological and reinforcing effects of ethanol. Furthermore, these findings implicate cyclical fluctuations in ovarian hormones and other neuromodulators in the regulation of ethanol consumption patterns throughout the estrus cycle of the female rat.