Apoptosis: The importance of nuclear medicine
Apoptosis: The importance of nuclear medicine
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DOI：
10.1097/00006231-200003000-00008
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Strauss, HW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blankenberg, FG;Tait, J;Strauss, HW
细胞凋亡是一种基因控制的、能量依赖的过程，它将不需要的细胞从体内清除。由于其有序的过程，细胞凋亡也被称为程序性细胞死亡或细胞自杀。细胞凋亡一旦发生，其特征是一系列涉及细胞质、细胞核和细胞膜的生化和形态学变化。细胞质变化包括细胞骨架断裂、细胞质收缩和凝聚；细胞核的显著变化包括外周染色质聚集和核小体间DNA切割（DNA阶梯形成）；膜的变化包括磷脂酰丝氨酸在细胞膜外表面的表达和起泡（导致细胞膜结合囊泡或凋亡小体的形成）。这些过程允许细胞消化并将自身包装成含有自消化细胞质和DNA的膜结合包，这些包可以很容易地被邻近细胞或吞噬细胞吸收。一种内源性人蛋白，膜联蛋白V（分子量约为35000），对暴露在凋亡细胞表面的磷脂酰丝氨酸具有约10(-9)M的亲和力。膜联蛋白V可以用放射性核素（如碘或锝）或正电子发射剂来标记。细胞实验研究证实，荧光和Tc-99(m)标记的膜联蛋白对凋亡细胞具有相当的亲和力。Tc-99(m)标记的膜联蛋白在体内的研究证实，放射性标记的膜联蛋白V可以用于体内凋亡细胞/组织的成像。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了使用膜联蛋白V成像的实验数据，并讨论了其在体内识别细胞凋亡的可能的未来应用。(C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)。
Apoptosis is a genetically controlled, energy-dependent process which removes unwanted cells from the body. Because of its orderly progression, apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death or cell suicide. Once initiated, apoptosis is characterized by a series of biochemical and morphological changes involving the cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane. Cytoplasmic changes include cytoskeletal disruption, cytoplasmic shrinkage and condensation; prominent changes in the nucleus include peripheral chromatin clumping and inter-nucleosomal DNA cleavage (DNA ladder formation); and membrane changes include the expression of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the cell membrane and blebbing (resulting in the formation of cell membrane-bound vesicles or apoptotic bodies). These events allow the cell to digest and package itself into membrane-bound packets containing autodigested cytoplasm and DNA, which can then be easily absorbed by adjacent cells or phagocytes.An endogenous human protein, annexin V (molecular weight approximately 35,000), has an affinity of about 10(-9) M for phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Annexin V can be labelled with radionuclides such as iodine or technetium, or positron emitting agents. Experimental studies in cells confirm that fluorescence and Tc-99(m)-labelled annexin have comparable affinity for apoptotic cells. In vivo studies with Tc-99(m)-labelled annexin confirm that radiolabelled annexin V can be used to image apoptotic cells/tissues in vivo. In this article, we review experimental data using annexin V imaging and discuss its possible future use to identify apoptosis in vivo. ((C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).