Zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality in freshwater and inland sea environments
Zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality in freshwater and inland sea environments
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DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbu014
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
K. Tang;M. Gladyshev;O. P. Dubovskaya;G. Kirillin;H. Grossart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Tang;M. Gladyshev;O. P. Dubovskaya;G. Kirillin;H. Grossart
浮游动物尸体在海洋和淡水系统中普遍存在，暗示非捕食性死亡率的重要性，但在生态学研究中，与捕食性死亡率相比，两者往往被忽视。几种显微镜方法的发展使得可以区分现场样本中的活浮游动物和死浮游动物，据报告，海洋环境中的死浮游动物平均百分比为11.6（最小值）至59.8（最大值），淡水和内陆沃茨为7.4（最小值）至47.6（最大值）。浮游动物非捕食性死亡的常见原因包括衰老、温度变化、物理和化学胁迫、寄生和食物相关因素。非捕食性动物死亡产生的尸体可能会分解，导致微生物产量增加，水体中微生物组成发生变化。或者，下沉的尸体可能会大大增加垂直碳通量，特别是在浮游植物生长季节之外，并成为底栖生物的食物来源。全球气候变化已经在多个层面上改变了淡水生态系统，并可能对浮游动物的非捕食性死亡率产生重大的积极或消极影响。对浮游动物尸体和非捕食性死亡率的更好的时空研究将提高我们对这一重要但未得到充分重视的主题的理解。
Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to an increase in microbial production and a shift in microbial composition in the water column. Alternatively, sinking carcasses may contribute significantly to vertical carbon flux especially outside the phytoplankton growth seasons, and become a food source for the benthos. Global climate change is already altering freshwater ecosystems on multiple levels, and likely will have significant positive or negative effects on zooplankton non-predatory mortality. Better spatial and temporal studies of zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality rates will improve our understanding of this important but under-appreciated topic.