Invasion‐mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities
Invasion‐mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities
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在异质的环境条件和不同的入侵强度中，入侵介导的互利共生破坏是显而易见的
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.06434
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kalisz, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roche, Morgan D.;Pearse, Ian S.;Sofaer, Helen R.;Kivlin, Stephanie N.;Spyreas, Greg;Zaya, David N.;Kalisz, Susan
由于当地非生物条件、入侵者的丰度以及土著社区的特征和组成的不同，生物入侵对土著社区的影响预计在被入侵的景观中是不平衡的。在可变条件下提高对入侵物种影响的预测能力的一种方法是利用推动入侵物种成功的已知机制。入侵植物经常表现出化感作用的特征，这些特征可以直接对植物产生毒性，或者通过破坏包括菌根真菌在内的根共生体来间接影响植物。这种间接机制--互惠关系的破坏--预计将影响依赖菌根的植物，但不会影响非菌根植物物种。为了评估入侵者驱动的互惠关系破坏是否解释了本地植物群落观察到的变化，我们分析了伊利诺伊州各地林地的长期(1998-2018)植物覆盖数据。我们评估了经历了一系列入侵化感作用的大蒜、芥菜和不同环境条件的本地植物群落。与互惠共生破坏假说一致，我们发现随着0.25m2采样样方中大蒜芥菜丰度的增加，菌根植物物种的丰度下降，而非菌根植物物种的丰度没有变化。在空间和时间上，大蒜芥菜丰度预测了样方水平上的植物丰富度和多样性，但当样方聚集在站点内时，这种关系在更大的规模上不存在。大蒜芥菜对植物群落的影响是高度局部性的，但对于预测当地植物多样性来说，它与非生物变量一样重要。我们表明，大蒜芥菜的丰度是入侵强度和环境异质性中植物多样性模式的关键预测因子，其方式与互惠共生破坏一致。我们的工作表明，互惠破坏假说可以对化感作用入侵植物的影响提供概括性的预测，这些影响在广泛的空间尺度上是明显的。
The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due to differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits and composition of the native community. One way to improve predictive ability about the impact of an invasive species given variable conditions is to exploit known mechanisms driving invasive species' success. Invasive plants frequently exhibit allelopathic traits, which can be directly toxic to plants or indirectly impact them via disruption of root symbionts, including mycorrhizal fungi. The indirect mechanism – mutualism disruption – is predicted to impact plants that rely on mycorrhizas but not affect non‐mycorrhizal plant species. To assess whether invader‐driven mutualism disruption explains observed changes in native plant communities, we analyzed long‐term (1998–2018) plant cover data from forest plots across the state of Illinois. We evaluated native plant communities experiencing a range of abundance of invasive allelopathic garlic mustardAlliaria petiolataand varying environmental conditions. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, we showed that as garlic mustard abundance increased over time in 0.25 m2sampling quadrats, the abundance of mycorrhizal plant species decreased, but non‐mycorrhizal plant species did not. Over space and time, garlic mustard abundance predicted plant abundances and diversity at the quadrat level, but this relationship was not present at a larger scale when quadrats were aggregated within sites. Garlic mustard's impact on the plant community was highly localized, yet it was as important as abiotic variables for predicting local plant diversity. We showed that garlic mustard abundance was a key predictor of patterns of plant diversity across invasion intensity and environmental heterogeneity in a way that is consistent with mutualism disruption. Our work indicates that the mutualism disruption hypothesis can provide generalizable predictions of the impacts of allelopathic invasive plants that are evident at a broad spatial scale.