Universal rule for the symmetric division of plant cells
Universal rule for the symmetric division of plant cells
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1011866108
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发表时间：
2011-04-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dumais, Jacques
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besson, Sebastien;Dumais, Jacques
真核细胞的分裂涉及复杂的细胞骨架结构的组装，以施加染色体分离和胞质分裂所需的力。在植物中，经验证据表明，细胞骨架内的张力导致细胞沿着使细胞板的表面积最小化的平面沿着分裂（埃雷拉法则），同时产生相同大小的子细胞。然而，埃雷拉规则的例外情况使人们怀疑是否可以为植物细胞分裂制定一个广泛适用的规则。在这里，我们表明，选择的平面划分涉及替代配置的几何形状代表局部面积最小值之间的竞争。我们发现，观察到一个特定的分工配置的概率与其相对面积成反比增加，根据指数概率分布称为吉布斯措施。此外，陆地植物和它们最近的藻类祖先之间的比较证实了概率分布是广泛保守的，并且与细胞的形状和大小无关。使用最大熵公式，我们表明，这种经验的划分规则预测的紧张的细胞骨架元素，导致定位的preprophase带的动态。基于分裂平面是从细胞骨架与细胞形状的唯一相互作用中选择的这一事实，我们认为新规则代表了植物细胞分裂的默认机制，当缺乏内部或外部线索时。
The division of eukaryotic cells involves the assembly of complex cytoskeletal structures to exert the forces required for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. In plants, empirical evidence suggests that tensional forces within the cytoskeleton cause cells to divide along the plane that minimizes the surface area of the cell plate (Errera's rule) while creating daughter cells of equal size. However, exceptions to Errera's rule cast doubt on whether a broadly applicable rule can be formulated for plant cell division. Here, we show that the selection of the plane of division involves a competition between alternative configurations whose geometries represent local area minima. We find that the probability of observing a particular division configuration increases inversely with its relative area according to an exponential probability distribution known as the Gibbs measure. Moreover, a comparison across land plants and their most recent algal ancestors confirms that the probability distribution is widely conserved and independent of cell shape and size. Using a maximum entropy formulation, we show that this empirical division rule is predicted by the dynamics of the tense cytoskeletal elements that lead to the positioning of the preprophase band. Based on the fact that the division plane is selected from the sole interaction of the cytoskeleton with cell shape, we posit that the new rule represents the default mechanism for plant cell division when internal or external cues are absent.