Practical Settlement Bounds for Proof-of-Work Blockchains

Practical Settlement Bounds for Proof-of-Work Blockchains
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工作量证明区块链的实际结算范围

DOI:
10.1145/3548606.3559368
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Russell, Alexander
Russell, Alexander
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gazi, Peter;Ren, Ling;Russell, Alexander

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目前,中本聪工作证明分类账共识是大多数部署的加密货币和智能合同区块链的基础。虽然一系列长而富有成效的工作已经成功地确定了其确切的安全域-即在其下具有渐近安全性的参数化集-现有的理论没有提供足够紧密的具体的结算时间保证来指导实践。在这项工作中,我们提供了一种新的方法来获得适合于关于部署的系统的推理的具体和实际的结算时间保证。我们给出了一种计算结算时间的显式上界的有效方法,它是主要系统参数:诚实和对抗的计算能力和网络延迟的界的函数。我们实现了这种计算方法,并提供了几个感兴趣的设置的具体边界的全面样本。我们还分析了一个著名的攻击策略,以提供结算时间的下限。例如,对于比特币,假设网络延迟10秒,对手10%,1小时结算的上下限都在90秒以内。相比之下,在参数相同的情况下,最好的先验结果在上下限上有2小时的差距。
Nakamoto proof-of-work ledger consensus currently underlies the majority of deployed cryptocurrencies and smart-contract blockchains. While a long and fruitful line of work has succeeded to identify its exact security region---that is, the set of parametrizations under which it possesses asymptotic security---the existing theory does not provide concrete settlement time guarantees that are tight enough to inform practice.In this work we provide a new approach for obtaining concrete and practical settlement time guarantees suitable for reasoning about deployed systems. We give an efficient method for computing explicit upper bounds on settlement time as a function of primary system parameters: honest and adversarial computational power and a bound on network delays. We implement this computational method and provide a comprehensive sample of concrete bounds for several settings of interest. We also analyze a well-known attack strategy to provide lower bounds on the settlement times. For Bitcoin, for example, our upper and lower bounds are within 90 seconds of each other for 1-hour settlement assuming 10 second network delays and a 10% adversary. In comparison, the best prior result has a gap of 2 hours in the upper and lower bounds with the same parameters.
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