Replication, Pathogenicity, Shedding, and Transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in Pigs
Replication, Pathogenicity, Shedding, and Transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in Pigs
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jir077
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发表时间：
2011-07-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Weingartl, Hana M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kobinger, Gary P.;Leung, Anders;Weingartl, Hana M.
背景。最近在菲律宾的猪身上发现了雷斯顿埃博拉病毒。在养猪户中发现了特异性抗体，表明曾接触过该病毒。这一重要的观察结果提出了猪可能容易受到埃博拉病毒感染的可能性，包括来自其他物种的埃博拉病毒，例如扎伊尔埃博拉病毒（ZEBOV），并且可以传播给其他易感宿主。这项研究调查了ZEBOV（一种在非洲中部常见的物种）是否可以在猪身上复制和诱发疾病，并是否可以传播给幼稚动物。通过粘膜暴露对家养长白猪进行总共 1 x 10(6) 个斑块形成单位的 ZEBOV 攻击，并监测病毒复制、脱落和发病机制。使用类似的条件，在第二组猪中评估了病毒从受感染动物到幼稚动物的传播情况。结果。粘膜暴露后，猪主要在呼吸道中将ZEBOV复制到高滴度（达到10（7）中值组织培养感染剂量/mL），并出现严重的肺部病变。感染后长达 14 天检测到口鼻粘膜脱落，并在所有与接种动物同居的幼猪中证实了传播。结论。这些结果揭示了猪对ZEBOV感染的易感性，并确定了与传染性病毒传播相关的病毒扩增和脱落的意外位点。
Background. Reston ebolavirus was recently detected in pigs in the Philippines. Specific antibodies were found in pig farmers, indicating exposure to the virus. This important observation raises the possibility that pigs may be susceptible to Ebola virus infection, including from other species, such as Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), and can transmit to other susceptible hosts.Methods. This study investigated whether ZEBOV, a species commonly reemerging in central Africa, can replicate and induce disease in pigs and can be transmitted to naive animals. Domesticated Landrace pigs were challenged through mucosal exposure with a total of 1 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of ZEBOV and monitored for virus replication, shedding, and pathogenesis. Using similar conditions, virus transmission from infected to naive animals was evaluated in a second set of pigs.Results. Following mucosal exposure, pigs replicated ZEBOV to high titers (reaching 10(7) median tissue culture infective doses/mL), mainly in the respiratory tract, and developed severe lung pathology. Shedding from the oronasal mucosa was detected for up to 14 days after infection, and transmission was confirmed in all naive pigs cohabiting with inoculated animals.Conclusions. These results shed light on the susceptibility of pigs to ZEBOV infection and identify an unexpected site of virus amplification and shedding linked to transmission of infectious virus.