Accumulation and membrane transport of plant alkaloids.
Accumulation and membrane transport of plant alkaloids.
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DOI：
10.2174/138920107781387429
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发表时间：
2007-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
N. Shitan;K. Yazaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Shitan;K. Yazaki
在众多的植物次生代谢物中，生物碱因其强烈而多样的生物活性而成为最重要的一类，部分生物碱已被广泛应用于临床。生物碱通常在药用植物的特定器官中高度积累，这些器官被称为“药用部分”，而众所周知，一些生物碱从源器官转运到这些汇器官。生物合成中间体从特定细胞到组织中其他类型细胞的运动，以及细胞内细胞器内的进一步详细运动也被提出。然而，生物碱如何跨膜运输并最终积聚在特定的细胞器中，如汇器官的液泡，目前尚不清楚。为了提高植物中有价值生物碱的生产能力，不仅要研究生物碱的生物合成基因，而且要研究生物碱的转运基因。最近，有报道称ABC转运蛋白参与了小檗碱从根向根茎的转运，而H（+）反转运蛋白也被认为是小檗碱液泡积累的转运蛋白。本文综述了生物碱在器官内、组织内和细胞内的膜转运。此外，我们还讨论了利用生物碱转运基因在转基因植物中增加生物碱产量的可能性。
Among a large number of plant secondary metabolites, alkaloids comprise one of the most important groups due to their strong and divergent biological activities, and some are applied for clinical use. Alkaloids are often highly accumulated in particular organs of medicinal plants, which are called the 'medicinal part', whereas it is known that some alkaloids are translocated from source organs to such sink organs. The movement of biosynthetic intermediates from specific cells to other types of cells in tissue, and further detailed movement within the organelles in a cell is also suggested. However, little is known how alkaloids are transported across membranes and finally accumulated in specific organelles such as vacuole of the sink organ. To increase the productivity of valuable alkaloids in planta, not only biosynthetic genes of alkaloids but also genes involved in their transport will be important. Recently, the involvement of ABC transporters in the translocation of berberine alkaloid from root to rhizome was reported, while H(+) antiporters were also suggested as the responsible transporters for vacuolar accumulation of the alkaloid. In this review, we describe intra-organ, intra-tissue and intra-cellular transport of the alkaloid via membrane transports. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of increasing alkaloid production in transgenic plants by using alkaloid transporter genes.