Linking transportation and population health to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in transportation injury: Implications for practice and policy
Linking transportation and population health to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in transportation injury: Implications for practice and policy
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DOI：
10.1080/15568318.2016.1231354
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Layde, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McAndrews, Carolyn;Beyer, Kirsten;Layde, Peter
在发展中经济体和发达经济体，人们普遍认为，低收入和少数民族人口在机动车碰撞中受伤或死亡的风险不成比例，特别是作为行人。然而，这种风险很少用有关接触的信息来量化。我们认为，综合交通-人口健康框架是量化交通安全决策中公平考虑因素并因此优先考虑公平考虑因素的一种方法。我们用一项分析来说明这种方法，该分析比较了机动车乘员、骑自行车者和行人按种族/种族和性别划分的每1亿人次经年龄调整的致命和非致命伤害率。我们发现，每次旅行，白人与行人和机动车乘员一样安全，而我们有数据的其他种族和族裔群体在步行时安全性较低。此外，黑人/非洲裔美国女性机动车乘员和行人的住院伤害风险高于其他种族和民族的女性旅行者（我们有足够的数据）。交通伤害风险的种族和民族差异需要更深入的分析，以了解潜在的原因，例如某些旅行者群体在旅行时是否暴露于性质不同的危险。我们讨论的框架，包括信息伤害差异的决策。
In both developing and advanced economies, it is commonly believed that lower income and minority populations are disproportionately at risk of being injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash, especially as pedestrians. However, this risk is rarely quantified with information about exposure. We argue that a combined transportation-population health framework is one way to quantify, and therefore prioritize, equity considerations in transportation safety decision-making. We illustrate this approach with an analysis that compares age-adjusted fatal and nonfatal injury rates per 100 million person-trips by race/ethnicity and sex for motor vehicle occupants, bicyclists, and pedestrians. We found that, per trip, whites are equally safe as pedestrians and motor vehicle occupants, whereas other racial and ethnic groups for whom we have data are less safe when they walk. In addition, black/African-American female motor vehicle occupants and pedestrians have higher inpatient injury risk than female travelers of other races and ethnicities (for whom we had sufficient data). Such differences in transportation injury risk by race and ethnicity warrant deeper analysis to understand the underlying reasons, such as whether certain groups of travelers are exposed to qualitatively different hazards when they travel. We discuss frameworks for including information about injury disparities in decision-making.