TREATMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE AND CONTAMINATION
TREATMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE AND CONTAMINATION
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DOI：
10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190961
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
HENKIN, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WAGNER, RH;BOLES, MA;HENKIN, RE
为了治疗辐射事故受害者，必须修改处理创伤患者的程序，以确保适当的护理，并防止医院设施和人员受到污染。应提前制定辐射事故管理计划。接触和污染受害者受到不同的待遇。受照射的病人受到局部或全身照射，但并不携带放射性物质;受污染的病人也受到照射，但他们的外部或内部都有放射性物质，因此持续受到辐射照射，直到污染物被清除。必须使用隔离、清洁转移技术和适当的服装保护治疗区域和人员。衣服被脱掉后，病人的医疗状况进行评估，稳定和治疗。从受影响的区域，眼睛，鼻子和嘴巴获得样本进行分析和计划明确的治疗。对于外部污染，用生理盐水或温和的洗涤剂清洗皮肤。内部污染的治疗是基于所涉及的同位素，可能包括关键器官的饱和、稀释疗法、同位素置换或使用螯合剂。在进行调查以确保没有残留污染物后，患者被转移到护理单位。根据接受的总剂量，在数天、数周至数年的时间内观察到接触的影响。了解剂量可以让临床医生预测最终可能发生的影响。
For treatment of radiation accident victims, procedures for handling trauma patients must be modified to ensure proper care and prevent contamination of hospital facilities and personnel. The radiation accident management plan should be instituted in advance. Exposure and contamination victims are treated differently. Exposed patients have sustained either partial or whole-body exposure but do not carry radioactive material; contaminated patients have also been exposed, but they have radioactive material either externally or internally and thus are continually exposed to radiation until the contaminant is removed. The treatment area and personnel must be protected with use of isolation, clean transfer techniques, and appropriate attire. After clothing has been removed, the patient's medical condition is assessed, stabilized, and treated. Samples from the affected areas, eyes, nose, and mouth are obtained for analysis and planning definitive treatment. For external contamination, the skin is washed with normal saline or mild detergent. Treatment of internal contamination is based on the isotopes involved and may include saturation of the crucial organ, dilution therapy, isotope displacement, or use of chelating agents. After a survey to ensure that no residual contamination remains, the patient is transferred to a care unit. Effects of exposure are seen over periods ranging from days to weeks to years, depending on the total dose received. Knowing the dose allows clinicians to predict what effects may ultimately occur.