Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions: A review
Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions: A review
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-1119(95)00676-1
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hastings, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hastings, JW
许多不同的生物体，从细菌和真菌到萤火虫和鱼类，都具有发光的能力，但生物发光系统在进化上并不保守：编码荧光素酶蛋白（Lase）的基因并不同源，而荧光素也不同，属于许多不相关的化学类别。在生物化学上，所有已知的激光酶都是利用分子氧氧化底物（一种生物素;字面意思是“光承载”分子）的加氧酶，并形成电子激发态的产物分子。光的颜色可能会有所不同，即使相同的荧光素/激光酶系统是反应的基础。在某些情况下，激光酶结构中的过滤器或差异是负责的;在其他情况下，与第二种蛋白质相关的次级发射体也参与其中。在腔肠动物中，一种绿色荧光蛋白，其发色团来源于一级氨基酸序列，导致发射的红移。在细菌中，引起蓝移或红移的辅助蛋白质已从不同物种中分离出来;发色团是非共价结合的。虽然无辐射能量转移已经牵涉到这种辅助发射器的激发，但这可能不是在所有情况下都是如此。
Many different organisms, ranging from bacteria and fungi to fireflies and fish, are endowed with the ability to emit light, but the bioluminescent systems are not evolutionarily conserved: genes coding for the luciferase proteins (Lase) are not homologous, and the luciferins are also different, falling into many unrelated chemical classes. Biochemically, all known Lase are oxygenases that utilize molecular oxygen to oxidize a substrate (a luciferin; literally the 'light-bearing' molecule), with formation of a product molecule in an electronically excited state. The color of the light may differ, even though the same luciferin/Lase system underlies the reaction. Filters or differences in Lase structure are responsible in some cases; in others a secondary emitter associated with a second protein is involved. In the coelenterates a green fluorescent protein, whose chromophore is derived from the primary amino-acid sequence, results in a red shift of the emission. In the bacteria accessory proteins causing either blue- or red-shifts have been isolated from different species; the chromophores are noncovalently bound. Although radiationless energy transfer has been implicated in the excitation of such accessory emitters, this may not be so in all cases.