Explaining Public Support for Gender Quotas: Sexism, Representational Quality, and State Intervention in Japan
Explaining Public Support for Gender Quotas: Sexism, Representational Quality, and State Intervention in Japan
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解释公众对性别配额的支持：日本的性别歧视、代表性质量和国家干预
DOI：
10.1017/s1743923x22000617
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tomoki Kaneko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mari Miura;Kenneth Mori McElwain;Tomoki Kaneko
选举中的性别配额在许多公众中仍然存在争议。一个障碍是“原则-政策之谜”：那些支持性别平等主义的人可能会反对平权行动措施，因为他们对这些措施的必要性存在分歧，并担心政府过度干预。基于在日本的原始调查，女性的代表性不足是特别明显的，我们确定了两个方面，驱动对配额的态度。首先，现代性别歧视很重要：那些将代表性不足归咎于妇女不感兴趣或认为配额将增加不合格妇女候选人人数的人不太可能支持配额。其次，适当性很重要：那些反对政府干预性别事务的人不太可能支持配额。至关重要的是，这些差异甚至存在于那些希望议会中有更多女性的人中。我们的研究结果表明，公众对配额的接受更多地取决于纠正对结构性性别障碍的误解和配额的良性后果（“政策”），而不是鼓励人们在议会中更喜欢女性（“原则”）。
Electoral gender quotas remain contentious among many publics. One hurdle is the “principle-policy puzzle”: those who espouse gender egalitarianism may nevertheless oppose affirmative action measures because of disagreements about their necessity and worries about government overreach. Based on an original survey in Japan, where women’s underrepresentation is particularly pronounced, we identify two dimensions that drive attitudes toward quotas. First, modern sexism matters: those who attribute underrepresentation to women’s disinterest or who think that quotas will increase the number of unqualified women candidates are less likely to support quotas. Second, appropriateness matters: those who oppose government intervention in gender affairs are less likely to support quotas. Crucially, these differences hold even among those who desire more women in parliament. Our results suggest that public acceptance of quotas depends more on correcting misperceptions about structural gender barriers and the benign consequences of quotas (“policy”), rather than encouraging people to prefer more women in parliament (“principle”).