Type X Toxoplasma gondii in a wild mussel and terrestrial carnivores from coastal California:: New linkages between terrestrial mammals, runoff and toxoplasmosis of sea otters
Type X Toxoplasma gondii in a wild mussel and terrestrial carnivores from coastal California:: New linkages between terrestrial mammals, runoff and toxoplasmosis of sea otters
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.02.005
复制
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Grigg, M. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, M. A.;Miller, W. A.;Grigg, M. E.
加州的海獭普遍感染弓形虫。一种独特的X型毒株导致了72%的水獭感染，但它在居住在同一地区的陆地动物和海洋无脊椎动物中的流行率尚不清楚。2000年至2005年，45陆生食肉动物（狮子，山猫，家猫和狐狸）和1396无脊椎动物（贻贝，蛤蜊和蠕虫）的弓形虫筛选PCR和DNA测序，以确定弓形虫原型1，11，111和X型基因型的地理分布。海洋双壳类动物在实验室中已被证明能浓缩弓形虫卵囊，但对野生无脊椎动物的全面调查尚未报道。通过多位点PCR和B1和SAG 1位点DNA测序，证实了一只来自蒙特雷湾河口的加州贻贝为X型弓形虫阳性。这贻贝是从近岸海洋沃茨收集后，在2002年秋季的第一次重大降雨事件。在B1、SAG 1和GRA 6分型位点检测的45只食肉动物中，15只经PCR证实有弓形虫感染; 11只具有与原型I型、II型或III型菌株感染一致的等位基因，4只具有与X型弓形虫感染一致的等位基因。未发现非典型等位基因。四个弓形虫菌株与X型等位基因被确定从两个山狮，山猫和狐狸居住在沿海流域附近的海獭栖息地蒙特雷湾和埃斯特罗湾。确认X T型。在沿海居住的猫科动物，犬科动物，海洋双壳类和近岸居住的海獭弓形虫支持的假设，猫粪便污染是从陆地流入海洋通过地表径流，水獭可以感染弓形虫通过消费过滤喂养海洋无脊椎动物。(c)2008年澳大利亚寄生虫学会由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Sea otters in California are commonly infected with Toxoplasma gondii. A unique Type X strain is responsible for 72% of otter infections, but its prevalence in terrestrial animals and marine invertebrates inhabiting the same area was unknown. Between 2000 and 2005, 45 terrestrial carnivores (lions, bobcats, domestic cats and foxes) and 1396 invertebrates (mussels, clams and worms) were screened for T gondii using PCR and DNA sequencing to determine the phylogeographic distribution of T gondii archetypal 1, 11, 111 and Type X genotypes. Marine bivalves have been shown to concentrate T gondii oocysts in the laboratory, but a comprehensive survey of wild invertebrates has not been reported. A California mussel from an estuary draining into Monterey Bay was confirmed positive for Type X T gondii by multilocus PCR and DNA sequencing at the B1 and SAG1 loci. This mussel was collected from nearshore marine waters just after the first significant rainfall event in the fall of 2002. Of 45 carnivores tested at the B1, SAG1, and GRA6 typing loci, 15 had PCR-confirmed T gondii infection; 11 possessed alleles consistent with infection by archetypal Type I, II or III strains and 4 possessed alleles consistent with Type X T gondii infection. No non-canonical alleles were identified. The four T gondii strains with Type X alleles were identified from two mountain lions, a bobcat and a fox residing in coastal watersheds adjacent to sea otter habitat near Monterey Bay and Estero Bay. Confirmation of Type X T. gondii in coastal-dwelling felids, canids, a marine bivalve and nearshore-dwelling sea otters supports the hypotheses that feline faecal contamination is flowing from land to sea through surface runoff, and that otters can be infected with T gondii via consumption of filter-feeding marine invertebrates. (c) 2008 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.