The effects of hemorrhage of pulmonary circulation and respiratory gas exchange.
The effects of hemorrhage of pulmonary circulation and respiratory gas exchange.
复制标题
出血对肺循环和呼吸气体交换的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1959
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
D. Holaday
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Gerst;C. Rattenborg;D. Holaday
肺通气和血流之间的密切关系存在于肺的正常功能中。因此，这些过程之一的主要变化很难与另一个过程的次要变化区分开来。为了在完整的动物中研究这两种功能，我们利用一种技术将它们分开，该技术允许我们在保持通气率和潮气量恒定的同时诱导肺血流的改变。本报告描述了在犬的肺循环和呼吸气体交换中观察到的变化，犬的血流量因出血而减少，然后通过血液置换恢复。对实验动物和人类受试者的研究表明，所有肺血管不是同时开放的（1），肺循环能够适应血流量的显著增加，而肺动脉血压几乎没有上升（2-7）。因此，血流量的增加必然伴随着血管阻力的降低，这可能是由于肺床扩张所致。然而，这种调节发生的机制尚未完全阐明，问题仍然是物理力量的相对重要性，血管控制的有效性和局部升压和化学反射的意义。此外，关于原发性肺血流量减少的影响，只有不完整的数据，
A close relationship between pulmonary ventilation and blood flow exists in the normal functioning of the lungs. Thus, primary alterations in one of these processes are difficult to distinguish from secondary changes in the other. In order to study these two functions in the intact animal, we have separated them by utilizing a technique which allows us to induce alterations in pulmonary blood flow while keeping ventilation constant in rate and tidal volume. This report describes changes observed in the pulmonary circulation and respiratory gas exchange of dogs in whom blood flow was decreased by hemorrhage and then restored by blood replacement. Studies on experimental animals and human subjects have indicated that all pulmonary vessels are not open at the same time (1), and that the pulmonary circulation is able to accommodate a marked increase in blood flow with little rise in the pulmonary arterial blood pressure (2-7). An increase in blood flow, then, must be accompanied by a decrease in vascular resistance, presumably due to expansion of the pulmonary bed. However, the mechanisms by which such accommodation occurs have not been fully elucidated, and questions remain as to the relative importance of physical forces, the effectiveness of vasomotor control and the significance of local pressor and chemo-reflexes. Moreover, only fragmentary data are available regarding the effects of primary reduction in the pulmonary blood flow, as