Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the Western United States
Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the Western United States
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DOI：
10.1021/es060157c
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发表时间：
2006-05-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Landers, Dixon H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hageman, Kimberly J.;Simonich, Staci L.;Landers, Dixon H.
美国(美国)国家公园管理局已经开始研究美国西部高山、亚北极和北极生态系统中半挥发性有机化合物的大气沉积和去向。本文介绍了2003年春季从7个国家公园采集的季节性积雪样品中农药的分析结果。从47种农药和降解产物的目标分析物清单中，最频繁检测到的当前使用的杀虫剂是锐劲特、毒死蜱、硫丹和伽马六氯环己烷，而最频繁检测到的历史使用的农药是狄氏剂、α-六氯环己烷、氯丹和六氯苯。与纬度、温度、海拔、颗粒物和两个区域农药使用指标的相关性分析表明，区域当前和历史上的农业实践在很大程度上决定了本研究中国家公园中农药的分布。阿拉斯加公园的杀虫剂沉积归因于长途运输，因为没有重要的地区性杀虫剂来源。计算了其他公园因区域运输造成的农药总浓度百分比(%RT)。在区域农田强度较高的公园和蒸汽压较低、空气中半衰期较短的农药中，%RT最高。
The United States (U.S.) National Park Service has initiated research on the atmospheric deposition and fate of semi-volatile organic compounds in its alpine, sub-Arctic, and Arctic ecosystems in the Western U. S. Results for the analysis of pesticides in seasonal snowpack samples collected in spring 2003 from seven national parks are presented herein. From a target analyte list of 47 pesticides and degradation products, the most frequently detected current-use pesticides were dacthal, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, whereas the most frequently detected historic-use pesticides were dieldrin, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane, and hexachlorobenzene. Correlation analysis with latitude, temperature, elevation, particulate matter, and two indicators of regional pesticide use reveal that regional current and historic agricultural practices are largely responsible for the distribution of pesticides in the national parks in this study. Pesticide deposition in the Alaskan parks is attributed to long-range transport because there are no significant regional pesticide sources. The percentage of total pesticide concentration due to regional transport (%RT) was calculated for the other parks. %RT was highest at parks with higher regional cropland intensity and for pesticides with lower vapor pressures and shorter half-lives in air.