Turnover of sex chromosomes in the stickleback fishes (gasterosteidae).
Turnover of sex chromosomes in the stickleback fishes (gasterosteidae).
复制标题
刺鱼（gasterosteidae）性染色体的更新。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000391
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发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Peichel CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross JA;Urton JR;Boland J;Shapiro MD;Peichel CL
在脊椎动物，特别是硬骨鱼类中发现了多种多样的性染色体系统，在密切相关的物种中可以发现不同的系统。性染色体的快速更新有几种机制，包括现有性别决定基因的转座，常染色体上新性别决定基因的出现，以及性染色体和常染色体之间的融合。为了更好地理解这些进化转变，密切相关的物种之间的性染色体的详细比较是必不可少的。在这里，我们使用遗传作图和分子细胞遗传学的特点，性染色体系统的多刺鱼物种（Gasterosteidae）。以前，我们证明，男性threespine棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）有一个异形XY对对应的连锁群（LG）19。在这项研究中，我们发现，九棘鱼（Pungitius pungitius）有一个异形XY对对应LG 12。在黑斑棘鱼（G. wheatlandi）雄性中，一个拷贝的LG 12融合到LG 19衍生的Y染色体上，产生X1 X2 Y性别决定系统。相比之下，LG 12和LG 19都与另外两个物种的性别无关：溪棘鱼（Culaea inconstans）和四刺棘鱼（Apeltes quadracus）。然而，我们证实了先前报道的异形ZW性染色体对的四刺棘鱼的存在。我们在刺鱼中发现的性染色体多样性为理解性染色体系统快速周转的机制提供了丰富的比较资源。性染色体在动物、植物和真菌中独立进化了许多次。尽管一些性染色体已在不同物种中维持了一亿多年，但在其他系统中，性染色体似乎在几百万年内发生了翻转。由于性别决定是一个基本的生物学过程，性染色体的快速更替令人费解。理论工作试图确定性染色体系统之间转换的机制。然而，很少有实证数据来检验这些假设。在这项研究中，我们发现了一个意想不到的多样性的性染色体系统的棘鱼（Gasterosteidae）。我们发现，每个棘鱼物种检查有一个独特的性染色体系统，有证据表明两个独立的XY系统，衍生的Y-常染色体融合，创造了一个X1 X2 Y新性染色体，和ZW系统。因此，棘鱼是研究性染色体快速更新机制的理想模式鱼。
Diverse sex-chromosome systems are found in vertebrates, particularly in teleost fishes, where different systems can be found in closely related species. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes, including the transposition of an existing sex-determination gene, the appearance of a new sex-determination gene on an autosome, and fusions between sex chromosomes and autosomes. To better understand these evolutionary transitions, a detailed comparison of sex chromosomes between closely related species is essential. Here, we used genetic mapping and molecular cytogenetics to characterize the sex-chromosome systems of multiple stickleback species (Gasterosteidae). Previously, we demonstrated that male threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have a heteromorphic XY pair corresponding to linkage group (LG) 19. In this study, we found that the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) has a heteromorphic XY pair corresponding to LG12. In black-spotted stickleback (G. wheatlandi) males, one copy of LG12 has fused to the LG19-derived Y chromosome, giving rise to an X1X2Y sex-determination system. In contrast, neither LG12 nor LG19 is linked to sex in two other species: the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) and the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus). However, we confirmed the existence of a previously reported heteromorphic ZW sex-chromosome pair in the fourspine stickleback. The sex-chromosome diversity that we have uncovered in sticklebacks provides a rich comparative resource for understanding the mechanisms that underlie the rapid turnover of sex-chromosome systems. Sex chromosomes have independently evolved many times in animals, plants, and fungi. Although some sex chromosomes have been maintained across different species for over a hundred million years, there are other systems in which sex chromosomes appear to turn over within a few million years. Because sex determination is such a fundamental biological process, this rapid turnover of sex chromosomes is puzzling. Theoretical work has attempted to identify the mechanisms that might underlie the transitions between sex-chromosome systems. However, there are few empirical data to test these hypotheses. In this study, we have uncovered an unanticipated diversity of sex-chromosome systems in the stickleback fishes (Gasterosteidae). We have found that each stickleback species examined has a unique sex-chromosome system, with evidence for two independent XY systems, a derived Y-autosome fusion that has created an X1X2Y neo-sex chromosome, and a ZW system. Thus, stickleback fishes are excellent model species for investigating the mechanisms that lead to rapid turnover of sex chromosomes.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Kondo, M;Nanda, I;Schartl, M
通讯作者：
Schartl, M
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2000.0717
发表时间：
2000-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Charlesworth, B;Charlesworth, D
通讯作者：
Charlesworth, D
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bertollo, LAC;Oliveira, C;Fenocchio, AS
通讯作者：
Fenocchio, AS
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Centofante, L;Bertollo, LAC;Moreira, O
通讯作者：
Moreira, O
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Grützner, F;Rens, W;Graves, JAM
通讯作者：
Graves, JAM