A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults.
A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00044-18
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Shanahan F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cronin O;Barton W;Skuse P;Penney NC;Garcia-Perez I;Murphy EF;Woods T;Nugent H;Fanning A;Melgar S;Falvey EC;Holmes E;Cotter PD;O'Sullivan O;Molloy MG;Shanahan F
人类的肠道微生物区系是功能发育和随后的健康的关键组成部分。重要的是要了解影响肠道微生物群的生活方式和饮食因素，以及这些因素可能会产生什么影响。动物研究表明，运动可以直接影响肠道微生物区系，优秀运动员表现出独特的有益和多样化的肠道微生物群特征。这些特征与蛋白质摄入量和体力活动水平有关。这项研究的结果表明，增加身体不活跃的人的健康水平会导致肠道微生物区系特征的轻微但可检测到的变化。我们第一次发现，经常摄入乳清蛋白会导致肠道病毒的组成发生显著变化。现代生活的许多组成部分对人类常驻肠道微生物区系产生影响，从而对宿主健康产生影响。例如，在对习惯性运动员的横断面研究中，已经描述了与运动相关的肠道微生物种群多样性、组成和功能谱的变化。然而，这种关系也受到饮食变化的影响，例如饮食和补充蛋白质摄入量的变化，这些变化与运动不谋而合。为了确定增加的体力活动和/或增加的蛋白质摄入量是否调节肠道微生物的组成和功能，我们前瞻性地对健康但久坐不动的成年人进行短期锻炼，同时每天摄入和不同时摄入乳清蛋白。基于元基因组和代谢组学的评估显示，随着体力活动的增加，肠道微生物的组成和功能发生了轻微的变化。在每天补充乳清蛋白的参与者中，肠道病毒多样性的显著变化是明显的。结果表明，运动改善身体成分并不依赖于肠道微生物种群多样性的重大变化。以前在长期习惯性运动员身上观察到的多样化的微生物特征可能是对运动和体能改善的后期反应。重要性人类肠道微生物区系是功能发育和随后的健康的关键组成部分。重要的是要了解影响肠道微生物群的生活方式和饮食因素，以及这些因素可能会产生什么影响。动物研究表明，运动可以直接影响肠道微生物区系，优秀运动员表现出独特的有益和多样化的肠道微生物群特征。这些特征与蛋白质摄入量和体力活动水平有关。这项研究的结果表明，增加身体不活跃的人的健康水平会导致肠道微生物区系特征的轻微但可检测到的变化。我们第一次发现，经常摄入乳清蛋白会导致肠道病毒的组成发生显著变化。
The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome. Many components of modern living exert influence on the resident intestinal microbiota of humans with resultant impact on host health. For example, exercise-associated changes in the diversity, composition, and functional profiles of microbial populations in the gut have been described in cross-sectional studies of habitual athletes. However, this relationship is also affected by changes in diet, such as changes in dietary and supplementary protein consumption, that coincide with exercise. To determine whether increasing physical activity and/or increased protein intake modulates gut microbial composition and function, we prospectively challenged healthy but sedentary adults with a short-term exercise regime, with and without concurrent daily whey protein consumption. Metagenomics- and metabolomics-based assessments demonstrated modest changes in gut microbial composition and function following increases in physical activity. Significant changes in the diversity of the gut virome were evident in participants receiving daily whey protein supplementation. Results indicate that improved body composition with exercise is not dependent on major changes in the diversity of microbial populations in the gut. The diverse microbial characteristics previously observed in long-term habitual athletes may be a later response to exercise and fitness improvement. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota of humans is a critical component of functional development and subsequent health. It is important to understand the lifestyle and dietary factors that affect the gut microbiome and what impact these factors may have. Animal studies suggest that exercise can directly affect the gut microbiota, and elite athletes demonstrate unique beneficial and diverse gut microbiome characteristics. These characteristics are associated with levels of protein consumption and levels of physical activity. The results of this study show that increasing the fitness levels of physically inactive humans leads to modest but detectable changes in gut microbiota characteristics. For the first time, we show that regular whey protein intake leads to significant alterations to the composition of the gut virome.