Prevalence, sociodemographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria.
Prevalence, sociodemographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria.
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DOI：
10.11604/pamj.2015.20.406.6206
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bakare RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anaedobe CG;Fowotade A;Omoruyi CE;Bakare RA
B型肝炎病毒是导致全世界50%-80%的肝细胞癌病例的原因。在尼日利亚，垂直传播仍然是B型肝炎病毒感染的主要途径。通过适当的性行为和卫生习惯对乙型肝炎病毒传播进行初级预防（疫苗和接触后预防）和二级预防在该国尚不理想，但对受感染孕妇的早期检测（血清学、分子学）和治疗措施尚未成为一种做法。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹地区孕妇中B型肝炎病毒感染的患病率和危险因素。在伊巴丹大学学院医院的产前诊所进行了一项横断面研究。2013年3月至8月招募了180名孕妇，使用第三代ELISA检测B型肝炎表面抗原（BIORAD FRANCE），以及使用Uni-Gold Recombigen和ALERE determine（一种用于检测HIV 1和/或2抗体的快速免疫测定法）检测HIV-1和2。对HBsAg阳性样本进行B型肝炎包膜抗原、抗体和B型肝炎核心抗体（DIAPRO意大利）检测，同时使用PCR检测血清HBV DNA。采用问卷调查法建立数据库，并使用SPSS 20进行统计分析。HBsAg阳性率为8.3%，其中HBeAg阳性率为26.7%，HBeAg抗体阳性率为53.3%，HBeAg和HBeAg抗体均阴性率为20%，总HBcAb阳性率为100%，HBVDNA阳性率为86.7%。平均年龄为32.1岁，HBV感染率以25-29岁年龄组最高。多性伴（OR- 3.987，P值=0.026）和初次性行为年龄早（OR-11.996，P值=0.022）是HBV感染的独立危险因素。B型肝炎病毒感染在尼日利亚具有很高的地方性，因此必须及早发现、治疗受感染的孕妇、对受感染的新生儿进行免疫预防以及对慢性感染者进行监测。必须开展预防和控制措施的健康教育。
Hepatitis B virus is responsible for 50%-80% of Hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide. In Nigeria, vertical transmission remains a major route of Hepatitis B virus infection. Primary (vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis) and secondary prevention of HBV transmission by appropriate sexual and sanitary practices are not yet optimal in the country yet measures for early detection (serological, molecular) and treatment of infected pregnant women is not a practice. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was done at the Ante-natal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited from March to August 2013, and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (BIORAD FRANCE) using third generation ELISA, as well as HIV-1 and 2 using Uni-Gold Recombigen and ALERE determine (a rapid immunoassay designed to detect antibodies to HIV 1 and/or 2). Positive HBsAg samples were tested for Hepatitis B envelope antigen, antibody and Hepatitis B core antibody (DIAPRO Italy) while serum HBV DNA was detected using PCR. Data were obtained using questionnaires to establish and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.3% out of which 26.7% were positive for HBeAg, 53.3% had HBeAb, 20% had neither HBeAg nor HBeAb, 100% had total HBcAb and 86.7% had HBV DNA in their serum. The mean age was 32.1years, the highest HBV infection rate occurred in 25-29 year age group. Multiple sexual partners (OR- 3.987, P- value=0.026) and early age at sexual debut (OR 11.996, P- value=0.022) were independent risk factors for HBV infection. Hepatitis B virus infection is of high endemicity in Nigeria thus early detection, treatment of infected pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis for exposed newborns and surveillance for those with chronic infection is essential. Health education programs on prevention and control measures must be instituted.