Temperature can shape a cline in polyandry, but only genetic variation can sustain it over time.
Temperature can shape a cline in polyandry, but only genetic variation can sustain it over time.
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arv172
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wedell N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor ML;Price TA;Skeats A;Wedell N
较冷的温度会导致雌性昆虫更频繁地交配，但遗传背景仍然对长期行为有很强的控制力。女性交配的频率对冲突、合作以及疾病在人群中的传播有重大影响。我们发现，当天气较冷时，雌性交配更频繁，这解释了为什么北方种群的雌性比南方种群的雌性交配更频繁。然而，遗传背景强烈地决定了种群内和种群间女性行为的长期模式。雌性多次交配（一妻多夫）是一种广泛存在于不同类群、物种和种群中的行为。一妻多夫制也可以在物种和个体种群内广泛变化，因此单雄和一妻多夫制的雌性都出现在一起。遗传差异可以解释一妻多夫制中的一些种内变异，但环境因素也可能发挥作用。影响许多基本生物过程的一个环境因素是温度。在昆虫的实验室研究中，更高的温度直接增加了再交配。从长远来看，高温还可以通过改变一妻多夫制在不同环境中的成本和收益的环境依赖性平衡，帮助推动更大规模行为模式的演变。我们研究了饲养和交配温度对雌性再交配的果蝇pseudobscura，在一妻多夫在性质上表现出纬度渐变群的人口的相对影响，使用一系列的生态相关的温度。我们发现所有基因型的雌性在较冷的温度下更容易再交配，这与该物种在较高纬度的一妻多夫平均频率较高的观察相吻合。然而，温度的影响超过了强大的遗传控制在这个物种的女性再交配。这可能是遗传因素提供了在这个物种的一妻多夫的纬度渐变的主要解释。
Cooler temperatures can cause female insects to mate more often, but genetic background still has strong control over long-term behavior. How often females mate has major impacts on conflict, cooperation, and how disease spreads within populations. We found that females mate more often when it is colder, which explains why females in northern populations mate more often than in southern ones. However, genetic background strongly determines the long-term patterns of female behavior within and across populations. Multiple mating by females (polyandry) is a widespread behavior occurring in diverse taxa, species, and populations. Polyandry can also vary widely within species, and individual populations, so that both monandrous and polyandrous females occur together. Genetic differences can explain some of this intraspecific variation in polyandry, but environmental factors are also likely to play a role. One environmental factor that influences many fundamental biological processes is temperature. Higher temperatures have been shown to directly increase remating in laboratory studies of insects. In the longer term, high temperature could also help to drive the evolution of larger-scale patterns of behavior by changing the context-dependent balance of costs and benefits of polyandry across environments. We examined the relative influence of rearing and mating temperatures on female remating in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura that show a latitudinal cline in polyandry in nature, using a range of ecologically relevant temperatures. We found that females of all genotypes remated more at cooler temperatures, which fits with the observation of higher average frequencies of polyandry at higher latitudes in this species. However, the impact of temperature was outweighed by the strong genetic control of remating in females in this species. It is likely that genetic factors provide the primary explanation for the latitudinal cline in polyandry in this species.