Maturation and integration of adult born hippocampal neurons: signal convergence onto small Rho GTPases.
Maturation and integration of adult born hippocampal neurons: signal convergence onto small Rho GTPases.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsyn.2013.00004
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jessberger S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vadodaria KC;Jessberger S
成体神经发生，仅限于哺乳动物大脑的特定区域，代表了成熟神经系统中最有趣的可塑性形式之一。成年海马神经元在某些形式的学习和记忆中起着重要作用，海马神经发生的改变与许多神经精神疾病如重度抑郁症和癫痫有关。新生神经元经历不同的发育步骤，从分裂的神经原性前体到突触整合的成熟神经元。以前的研究已经发现了几个分子信号通路参与了这一成熟过程的不同步骤。在这种情况下，小Rho GTPases，Cdc42，Rac1，和RhoA最近已被证明可以调节成年出生的齿状颗粒细胞在体内的形态和突触成熟。不同的上游调节因子，包括调节新生神经元成熟和整合的生长因子，已被证明也募集小Rho GTP酶。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究结果，并强调小Rho GTP酶可能作为中央同化，下游的关键输入到成年出生的海马神经元，促进其成熟和整合到现有的齿状回（DG）电路的可能性。
Adult neurogenesis, restricted to specific regions in the mammalian brain, represents one of the most interesting forms of plasticity in the mature nervous system. Adult-born hippocampal neurons play important roles in certain forms of learning and memory, and altered hippocampal neurogenesis has been associated with a number of neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression and epilepsy. Newborn neurons go through distinct developmental steps, from a dividing neurogenic precursor to a synaptically integrated mature neuron. Previous studies have uncovered several molecular signaling pathways involved in distinct steps of this maturational process. In this context, the small Rho GTPases, Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA have recently been shown to regulate the morphological and synaptic maturation of adult-born dentate granule cells in vivo. Distinct upstream regulators, including growth factors that modulate maturation and integration of newborn neurons have been shown to also recruit the small Rho GTPases. Here we review recent findings and highlight the possibility that small Rho GTPases may act as central assimilators, downstream of critical input onto adult-born hippocampal neurons contributing to their maturation and integration into the existing dentate gyrus (DG) circuitry.