Women in Transition: Changes in Gender Wage Differentials in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
Women in Transition: Changes in Gender Wage Differentials in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
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转型期女性：东欧和前苏联性别工资差异的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Brainerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Brainerd
在国家社会主义制度下，女性在劳动力市场上的表现相对较好：男女工资差异与西方相似，女性劳动力参与率位居世界前列。自实行市场化改革以来，这些女性是否保持了她们的相对地位？作者使用来自七个前社会主义国家的家庭调查来研究这个问题。结果表明，整个东欧的女性相对工资持续上升，而俄罗斯和乌克兰的女性相对工资大幅下降。后几个国家的妇女因这些国家工资分配的巨大扩大而受到惩罚。东欧日益严重的工资不平等也压低了女性的相对工资，但这些损失被观察到的技能的奖励增加和对妇女的歧视明显减少所抵消。
Under state socialism, women fared relatively well in the labor market: female-male wage differentials were similar to those in the West, and female labor force participation rates were among the highest in the world. Have these women maintained their relative positions since the introduction of market reforms? The author investigates this question using household surveys from seven formerly socialist countries. The results indicate a consistent increase in female relative wages across Eastern Europe, and a substantial decline in female relative wages in Russia and Ukraine. Women in the latter countries have been penalized by the tremendous widening of the wage distribution in those countries. Increased wage inequality in Eastern Europe has also depressed female relative wages, but these losses have been more than offset by gains in rewards to observed skills and by an apparent decline in discrimination against women.