Modelling Atmosphere-Ocean CO $_{2}$ Transfer [and Discussion]
Modelling Atmosphere-Ocean CO $_{2}$ Transfer [and Discussion]
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模拟大气-海洋 CO $_{2}$ 传输 [和讨论]
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1995.0054
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Follows
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Watson;P. Nightingale;D. Cooper;H. Leach;M. Follows
了解北大西洋吸收大气二氧化碳对于了解全球碳预算非常重要。特别是，获得北半球温带海洋汇的准确值将有助于更加定量地了解这些纬度地区神秘的陆地汇。全球海洋汇以北大西洋为主，尽管其面积与北太平洋相比较小。在计算吸收量的可能方法中，信息量最大的可能是基于气体交换方程的方法，因为可以获得有关季节和空间趋势的信息。然而，对于哪种形式的气体交换系数适合二氧化碳，仍然存在严重的问题。在这里，我们总结了当前关于气体交换系数的知识，包括最近支持较低气体交换率的新证据，因此通常支持 Liss-Merlivat 对难溶性气体的预测。鉴于直接计算仍然存在不确定性，我们通过利用北大西洋大气环流的已知信息来研究计算全流域吸收量的方法。吸收量可以通过将其分为工业化前稳态贡献和人为贡献来估计。我们根据北大西洋的热量收支对工业化前通量进行了新的估计，并考虑了早期对相同数量的两个计算。取一个最佳值，加上更为人所知的人为通量并进行小幅修正，我们发现 1980 年代中期北纬 15 度以北的北大西洋吸收量的值为 0.7 $\pm $ 0.15 Gt C a $^{-1}$。虽然大于 Tans 等人基于气体交换的估计。 (1990)，这个值不足以消除他们推论的北半球 CO$_{2}$ 需要一个相当大的“陆基”汇的需要。
Knowledge of the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the North Atlantic is important in understanding the global carbon budget. Obtaining an accurate value for the ocean sinks in the northern hemisphere temperate zone, in particular, would make it possible to be more quantitative about the enigmatic land sink in these latitudes. The global ocean sink is dominated by the North Atlantic, despite its small area in comparison with the North Pacific. Of the possible methods for calculating the uptake, potentially the most informative is that based on the gas exchange equation because information about the seasonal and spatial trends can be obtained. However, there still remain serious questions about which form of the gas exchange coefficient is appropriate to carbon dioxide. Here we summarize current knowledge of the gas exchange coefficient, including recent new evidence which supports lower gas exchange rates and which, therefore, generally supports the Liss-Merlivat prediction for less soluble gases. In view of the uncertainties still surrounding the direct calculation, we investigate methods for calculating the basin-wide uptake by exploiting what is known about the general circulation of the North Atlantic. The uptake can be estimated by dividing it into pre-industrial steady state and anthropogenic contributions. We make a new estimate of the pre-industrial flux based on the heat budget of the North Atlantic, and also consider two earlier calculations of the same quantity. Taking a best value, adding the better-known anthropogenic flux and making small corrections, we find a value of 0.7 $\pm $ 0.15 Gt C a $^{-1}$ for the uptake of the North Atlantic, north of 15 degrees N, in the mid 1980s. Though larger than the gas exchange based estimates of Tans et al. (1990), this value is not enough to obviate the need which they deduced for a sizeable `land-based' northern hemisphere sink for CO $_{2}$ .