The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system
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DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00162-3
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Porges, SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Porges, SW
自主神经系统的进化提供了一个组织原则来解释生理反应在促进社会行为中的适应性意义。根据多迷走神经理论，有据可查的自主神经系统神经调节的系统发育转变经历了三个全局阶段，每个阶段都有相关的行为策略。第一阶段的特点是原始的无髓鞘内脏迷走神经，它促进消化并通过抑制代谢活动来应对威胁。在行为上，第一阶段与固定行为相关。第二阶段的特点是交感神经系统能够增加代谢输出并抑制内脏迷走神经，以促进“战斗或逃跑”所需的动员行为。第三阶段是哺乳动物独有的，其特征是有髓鞘迷走神经可以快速调节心输出量，以促进与环境的接触和脱离。哺乳动物迷走神经在神经解剖学上与脑神经有关，脑神经通过面部表情和发声调节社交活动。随着自主神经系统在进化过程中发生变化，自主神经系统与其他对压力做出反应的生理系统之间的相互作用也发生了变化，包括皮质、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、催产素和加压素的神经肽以及免疫系统。从这种系统发育方向出发，多迷走神经理论提出了社会行为的生物学基础和增强积极社会行为的干预策略。 (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
The evolution of the autonomic nervous system provides an organizing principle to interpret the adaptive significance of physiological responses in promoting social behavior. According to the polyvagal theory, the well-documented phylogenetic shift in neural regulation of the autonomic nervous system passes through three global stages, each with an associated behavioral strategy. The first stage is characterized by a primitive unmyelinated visceral vagus that fosters digestion and responds to threat by depressing metabolic activity. Behaviorally, the first stage is associated with immobilization behaviors. The second stage is characterized by the sympathetic nervous system that is capable of increasing metabolic out ut and inhibiting the visceral vagus to foster mobilization behaviors necessary for 'fight or flight'. The third stage, unique to mammals, is characterized by a myelinated vagus that can rapidly regulate cardiac output to foster engagement and disengagement with the environment. The mammalian vagus is neuro anatomically linked to the cranial nerves that regulate social engagement via facial expression and vocalization. As the autonomic nervous system changed through the process of evolution, so did the, interplay between the autonomic nervous system and the other physiological systems that respond to stress, including the cortex, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the neuropeptides of oxytocin and vasopressin, and the immune system. From this phylogenetic orientation, the polyvagal theory proposes a biological basis for social behavior and an intervention strategy to enhance positive social behavior. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.