OSPAR's exclusion of rigs-to-reefs in the North Sea
OSPAR's exclusion of rigs-to-reefs in the North Sea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.12.012
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Jorgensen, Dolly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jorgensen, Dolly
本文重点讨论了如何在深水处置海上石油和天然气设施的辩论一直是核心，以塑造北海人工礁政策。通过一个密切的实证历史研究，本文重建了绿色和平组织的抗议的深水处置的布伦特Spar的刺激排除的钻机到珊瑚礁（转换为人工礁的过时的海上石油和天然气结构）作为一个可行的退役选择的主要国际条约组织管辖权的北海沃茨，奥斯陆-巴黎委员会（OSPAR）。在制定《保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约》的人工礁准则期间，《保护东北大西洋海洋环境公约》的几个缔约方暗示，石油公司之间有一个阴谋，利用钻机到珊瑚礁作为逃避深水处置规则的掩护，尽管他们从未提出证据支持这些说法。面对“堵住深水处置漏洞”的压力，尽管科学界反对。奥斯巴的最终准则排除了所有非原生材料作为可接受的珊瑚礁建造材料，基本上禁止了钻机对珊瑚礁的建造。由于北海沃茨的大量钢制海上设施将在十年内退役，并且最新的科学结论认为，人造深水珊瑚礁可能对包括受威胁的冷水珊瑚在内的某些物种有益，因此本文建议OSPAR修改其准则。不应绝对排除从钻机到珊瑚礁的做法;最适当的做法是逐案确定一个结构是否适合再用作人工礁。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
This article focuses on how the debate over the deep-water disposal of offshore oil and gas installations has been central to shaping North Sea artificial reef policy. Through a close empirical historical study, this article reconstructs how Greenpeace's protest of the deep-water disposal of the Brent Spar spurred the exclusion of rigs-to-reefs (the conversion of obsolete offshore oil and gas structures into artificial reefs) as a viable decommissioning option by the primary international treaty organization with jurisdiction over North Sea waters, the Oslo-Paris Commission (OSPAR). During OSPAR's artificial reef guideline development, several OSPAR contracting parties implied that there is a conspiracy among oil companies to use rigs-to-reefs as a cover for evading the deep-water disposal rules, although they never presented evidence to back up these claims. In the face of pressure to "close the loophole" for deep-water disposal and in spite of scientific objection. OSPAR's final guidelines excluded all non-virgin materials as acceptable reef construction materials, essentially banning rigs-to-reefs. Because a significant number of steel offshore installations will be decommissioned in North Sea waters in the decade and the most up-to-date science has concluded that manmade deep-water reefs may be beneficial to some species including threatened cold-water coral, this article suggests that OSPAR revise its guidelines. Rigs-to-reefs should be not categorically excluded; a case-by-case determination of the suitability of a structure for reuse as an artificial reef would be most appropriate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.