Putting the leaf-nosed bats in context: a geometric morphometric analysis of three of the largest families of bats
Putting the leaf-nosed bats in context: a geometric morphometric analysis of three of the largest families of bats
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyy101
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发表时间：
2018-10-10
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dumont, Elizabeth R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hedrick, Brandon P.;Dumont, Elizabeth R.
蝙蝠在家庭Phyllostomidae表现出最多样化的饮食生态的任何哺乳动物家庭和他们的形态和饮食之间的联系是很好的研究。然而，phyllostomids的形态尚未被放置到一个更广泛的背景下，通过比较它们从其他家庭的蝙蝠通过使用几何形态测量学。使用几何形态测量学，我们研究了形状的趋势，差距，形状和饮食之间的联系，使用颅骨和牙齿的176种蝙蝠的3个最大的家庭：Vespertilionidae，Molossidae，Phyllostomidae。结果表明，在食虫phyllostomid的头骨形状不重叠与非phyllostomid家庭，这表明至少有2个食虫的头骨形态型已在翼手目和phyllostomid的头骨形状已经从其他蝙蝠家庭之前，发展其广泛的饮食范围。此外，叶口类有较高的头骨形状（1.5倍）和牙齿形状（1.89倍）的差异比molossides和vespertilionids，其牙齿和头骨形状的差异大致相等。虽然颅骨在许多方面受到限制（例如，大脑、视觉、嗅觉），我们认为，事实上，牙齿的形状是有限的食物加工允许它扩展到更大的区域的形态空间。最后，基于猎物硬度的初步饮食分析表明，除了那些具有极端饮食的物种（例如，液体，非常硬的食物）。许多蝙蝠是饮食通才，吃各种不同硬度的食物类型。来自3大蝙蝠家族的数据表明，吃中等硬度的食物可能不需要大量的颅骨重组。
Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit the most diverse dietary ecology of any mammalian family and the link between their morphology and diet is well-studied. However, the morphology of phyllostomids has yet to be placed into a broader context by comparing them to bats from other families through the use of geometric morphometrics. Using geometric morphometrics, we examined shape trends, disparity, and links between shape and diet using the crania and dentaries of 176 species from 3 of the largest bat families: Vespertilionidae, Molossidae, and Phyllostomidae. Results indicate that cranium shape in insectivorous phyllostomids does not overlap with non-phyllostomid families, suggesting at least 2 insectivorous cranial morphotypes have evolved within Chiroptera and phyllostomid cranial shape had already diverged from other bat families prior to developing their broad dietary range. Further, phyllostomids have higher cranium shape (1.5x) and dentary shape (1.89x) disparity than molossids and vespertilionids, whose dentary and cranium shape disparity is roughly equal. Although the cranium is constrained in many ways (e.g., housing the brain, vision, olfaction), we suggest the fact that dentary shape is limited to food processing allowed it to expand into larger regions of morphospace. Finally, a preliminary dietary analysis based on prey hardness indicates substantial shape overlap within families except for those species with extreme diets (e.g., liquid, very-hard food). Many bats are dietary generalists that eat a wide variety of food types of varying hardness. The data from the 3 large families of bats presented here suggest that eating foods of intermediate hardness may not require substantial cranial reorganization.