Innate host defense: Nox and Duox on phox's tail
Innate host defense: Nox and Duox on phox's tail
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.008
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Fink, Karin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grandvaux, Nathalie;Soucy-Faulkner, Anton;Fink, Karin
在过去的十年中，非吞噬细胞产生超氧化物的能力已被大量记录。正如在充分表征的吞噬细胞的情况下，非吞噬细胞中超氧化物的形成取决于膜结合NADPH氧化酶的活性。迄今为止，已经描述了经典吞噬细胞Nox 2酶的六种哺乳动物同源物，命名为Nox 1、Nox 3、Nox 4、Nox 5、Duox 1和Duox 2，它们具有相似且特异的结构和调控特征。它们的生物学功能仍然知之甚少，最初主要是从其特定的组织表达谱推断出来的。然而，最近的功能数据表明，这些亚型中的几个参与了先天宿主对入侵微生物的反应，包括先天免疫和促炎反应。Nox 2被充分表征为发生在吞噬细胞中的细菌杀伤过程中的关键参与者。在这里，我们将讨论最近的进展，揭示了Nox 1，Nox 4，Duox I和Duox 2亚型在先天宿主防御的其他方面的替代作用。特别是，我们将专注于他们的影响，在信号转导后病原体识别的Toll样受体和树突状细胞功能的调制，先天免疫的两个关键方面。此外，还将讨论Nox/Duox酶在病毒感染先天反应中的潜在作用。(c)2007年，Elsevier Masson SAS。All rights reserved.
Over the past decade, the capacity of non-phagocytic cells to produce superoxide has been largely documented. As in the case of the well-characterized phagocytic cells context, superoxide formation in non-phagocytic cells depends on the activity of membrane bound NADPH oxidase enzymes. Six mammalian homologues of the classical phagocytic Nox2 enzyme have been described to date, named Nox1, Nox3, Nox4, Nox5, Duox 1 and Duox2, which exhibit similar and specific structure and regulation features. Their biological functions are still poorly understood and were initially mostly deduced from their specific tissue expression profiles. However, recent functional data have emerged that suggest the involvement of several of these isoforms in the innate host response to invading microorganisms, including innate immune and proinflammatory responses. Nox2 is well characterized as a key player in the bacterial killing process that takes place in phagocytes. Here, we will discuss the recent advances that revealed alternative roles of Nox1, Nox4, Duox I and Duox2 isoforms in other aspects of the innate host defense. In particular, we will focus on their implication in the signaling following pathogen recognition by toll like receptors and in the modulation of dendritic cell functions, two key aspects of innate immunity. Moreover, the potential role of Nox/Duox enzymes in the innate response to virus infections will be discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.