The Sensitivity of Future Ocean Oxygen to Changes in Ocean Circulation

The Sensitivity of Future Ocean Oxygen to Changes in Ocean Circulation
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未来海洋氧气对海洋环流变化的敏感性

DOI:
10.1002/2017gb005777
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Trossman, David S.
Trossman, David S.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Palter, Jaime B.;Trossman, David S.

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在二十世纪观察到了全球海洋氧浓度的下降,并预计在未来气候变化下将继续下降。我们使用一种独特的建模框架来理解扰动的海洋环流如何影响海洋脱氧率,以应对大气中二氧化碳的倍增和相关的全球变暖。这些模拟表明,在变暖的情况下,氧气的减少很大程度上是由于海洋混合和氧气溶解度的变化。然而,在我们的模型中,对二氧化碳倍增的大规模海洋环流反应会使未来氧气损失的速度减慢20%。氧浓度变化对南大洋环流扰动最为敏感。对氧气的一种小的稳定作用来自于出口生产力的降低和海洋内部相关的呼吸作用。大西洋经向翻转环流的减缓增加了大西洋深海的停留时间,但在二氧化碳倍增时并不会导致氧气的显著下降,因为在这些深度呼吸是缓慢的。模拟表明,与海洋变暖相关的O2溶解度的下降大于预先形成的O2的实际下降,特别是在高纬度地区,那里的环流变化减少了未饱和水域沉入海洋内部的比例。最后,在热带太平洋氧气极小区,预测的沃克环流减弱减缓了营养物质的区域上升以及与之相关的出口生产力和呼吸,防止了那里的缺氧加剧。
A decline in global ocean oxygen concentrations has been observed over the twentieth century and is predicted to continue under future climate change. We use a unique modeling framework to understand how the perturbed ocean circulation may influence the rate of ocean deoxygenation in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2and associated global warming. These simulations suggest that much of the oxygen decline under warming is due to changes in ocean mixing and O2solubility. However, in our model, the large‐scale ocean circulation response to CO2doubling slows the pace of future oxygen loss by 20%. Oxygen concentration changes are most sensitive to circulation perturbations in the Southern Ocean. A small stabilizing effect on oxygen arises from the reduction of export productivity and associated respiration in the ocean interior. A slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation increases the residence time of the deep Atlantic Ocean but does not cause a major oxygen decline at the time of CO2doubling, because respiration is slow at these depths. The simulations show that the decrease in O2solubility associated with ocean warming is greater than the realized decrease in preformed O2, particularly at high latitudes, where circulation changes reduce the proportion of undersaturated waters sinking into the ocean interior. Finally, in the tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone, a predicted weakening of the Walker Circulation slows the regional upwelling of nutrients and the associated export productivity and respiration, preventing the intensification of hypoxia there.
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