The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning
The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning
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DOI：
10.1097/00001756-199703240-00049
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发表时间：
1997-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Houle, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goel, V;Gold, B;Houle, S
我们进行了一项神经成像研究，以测试不同认知推理模型所做的神经生理学预测。10名正常志愿者进行演绎推理和归纳推理任务，同时使用[O-15]H2O PET成像记录他们的局部脑血流模式。在控制条件下，被试对三个句子的语义理解。在演绎推理条件下，被试判断第三句是否由前两句所蕴涵。在归纳推理条件下，受试者报告第三句话是否合理。推理条件导致左额下回（布罗德曼区45，47）的激活。诱导条件导致包括左内侧额回、左扣带回和左上级额回（布罗德曼区域8、9、24、32）的大区域的激活。归纳与演绎的区别在于左侧额上级回（布罗德曼区8，9）的内侧参与。这些结果与推理的认知模型是一致的，该模型假设归纳和演绎推理的不同机制，并将演绎视为一个正式的基于规则的过程。
WE carried out a neuroimaging study to test the neurophysiological predictions made by different cognitive models of reasoning. Ten normal volunteers performed deductive and inductive reasoning tasks while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [O-15]H2O PET imaging. In the control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning condition subjects determined whether the third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences. In the inductive reasoning condition subjects reported whether the third sentence was plausible given the first two sentences. The deduction condition resulted in activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47). The induction condition resulted in activation of a large area comprised of the left medial frontal gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 24, 32). Induction was distinguished from deduction by the involvement of the medial aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9). These results are consistent with cognitive models of reasoning that postulate different mechanisms for inductive and deductive reasoning and view deduction as a formal rule-based process.