Development of bullwhip, neurons in the embryonic chicken retina
Development of bullwhip, neurons in the embryonic chicken retina
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.21404
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Omar, Ghezal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, Andy J.;Stanke, Jennifer J.;Omar, Ghezal
我们最近描述了大的单极神经元(称为牛鞭细胞)，它调节出生后鸡视网膜周缘区域(CMZ)的祖细胞的增殖(Fischer等人)。[2005]J.神经科学。25：101.57-10166；[2006年]J.公司神经。496：479-494)。整个视网膜中只有240个左右的牛鞭细胞，通过它们独特的形态和对胰高血糖素、胰升糖素样肽1(GLP1)和P物质的免疫反应很容易被识别出来。通过使用溴脱氧尿苷出生年代测定，我们发现牛鞭细胞在视网膜发育的非常早的时候产生，在E4到E5之间。在E10左右的牛鞭细胞中首次检测到胰升糖素多肽，而P物质直到E15才在牛鞭细胞中检测到。虽然在视网膜发育的早期阶段不存在胰升糖素多肽，但我们在E7开始检测到GLP1受体的mRNA，在E5到E14检测到GLP1受体的mRNA。牛鞭细胞的形态分化大约在E14开始，到E18完成。牛鞭细胞被大量生产，其中近80%的细胞在胚胎发育的后期经历细胞凋亡死亡。存活下来的牛鞭细胞是那些直接向CMZ投射轴突样过程的细胞；以不适当的方向投射的细胞无法存活。我们得出的结论是，注定要成为牛鞭神经元的细胞在开始分化之前很久就已经产生了，它们的生存取决于它们的初级神经突起的方向。
We have recently described large, unipolar neurons (named bullwhip cells) that regulate the proliferation of progenitors in the circumferential marginal zone (CMZ) of the postnatal chicken retina (Fischer et al. [2005] J. Neurosci. 25:101.57-10166; [2006] J. Comp. Neurol. 496:479-494). There are only about 240 bullwhip cells in the entire retina, and these cells are easily identified by their unique morphology and immunoreactivity for glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), and substance P. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the development of bullwhip cells in the embryonic chicken retina. By using bromodeoxyuridine birth dating, we found that the bullwhip cells are generated very early during retinal development, between E4 and E5. Glucagon peptide was first detected in bullwhip cells at about E10, whereas substance P was not detected in the bullwhip cells until E15. Although glucagon peptide is not present during early stages of retinal development, we detected mRNA for glucagon receptor beginning at E7 and mRNA for GLP1 receptor at E5 through E14. Morphological differentiation of the bullwhip cells begins at about E14 and is completed by E18. The bullwhip cells are greatly overproduced, and nearly 80% of these cells undergo apoptotic cell death during late stages of embryonic development. The bullwhip cells that survive are those that project an axon-like process directly toward the CMZ; the cells that project in an inappropriate direction fail to survive. We conclude that cells fated to become bullwhip neurons are generated long before they begin to differentiate and that their survival depends on the orientation of their primary neurite.