Expanding and Elaborating the Concept of Academic Capitalism
Expanding and Elaborating the Concept of Academic Capitalism
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扩展和阐述学术资本主义的概念
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Larry L. Leslie
中科院分区：
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作者：
Sheila Slaughter;Larry L. Leslie
在我们的新书《学术资本主义：政治、政策和创业型大学》（Academic Capitalism：Politics，Policies and the Entrepreneurial University，Slaughter and Leslie，1997）中，我们使用了“学术资本主义”一词来定义公立研究型大学对新自由主义倾向的回应方式，即将高等教育政策视为经济政策的一个子集（Slaughter and Rhoades，2000）。在这种政策环境下，教师和专业人员越来越多地必须在竞争环境中消耗他们的人力资本。这意味着，一些大学雇员同时受雇于公共部门，并且越来越自主。他们是来自公共部门的学者，充当资本家：他们是国家补贴的企业家。[1]学术资本主义处理的是大学和教师的市场和类似市场的行为。类市场行为指的是机构和教师之间的资金竞争，无论这些资金来自外部赠款和合同、捐赠基金、大学与产业的合作关系、机构对教授的分拆公司的投资、学生的学杂费，还是其他一些创收活动。这些活动之所以具有市场性质，是因为它们涉及到从外部资源提供者那里争取资金的竞争。如果机构和教师不成功，没有官僚追索权;他们没有。市场行为指的是机构的营利性活动，如专利和随后的版税和许可协议，分拆公司，独立公司（在人员和目标方面与大学有关的公司，但在法律上被特许为独立实体），以及大学-产业合作伙伴关系，当这些都有利润的组成部分。市场活动还涵盖更平凡的业务，例如教育事业的产品和服务（例如徽标和运动用品）的销售、与食品服务和书店的利润分享等。第8卷（2）：154-161版权所有© 2001 SAGE（伦敦、加利福尼亚州千橡市和新德里）
In our recent book, Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies and the Entrepreneurial University (Slaughter and Leslie, 1997), we used the term ‘academic capitalism’ to define the way public research universities were responding to neoliberal tendencies to treat higher education policy as a subset of economic policy (Slaughter and Rhoades, 2000). In this policy environment faculty and professional staff increasingly must expend their human capital stocks in competitive environments. The implication is that some university employees are simultaneously employed by the public sector and are increasingly autonomous of it. They are academics who act as capitalists from within the public sector: they are state-subsidized entrepreneurs.1 Academic capitalism deals with market and market-like behaviors on the part of universities and faculty. Market-like behaviors refer to institutional and faculty competition for monies, whether these are from external grants and contracts, endowment funds, university–industry partnerships, institutional investment in professors’ spin-off companies, student tuition and fees, or some other revenue-generating activity. What makes these activities market-like is that they involve competition for funds from external resource providers. If institutions and faculty are not successful, there is no bureaucratic recourse; they do without. Market behaviors refer to for-profit activity on the part of institutions, activity such as patenting and subsequent royalty and licensing agreements, spin-off companies, arms-length corporations (corporations that are related to universities in terms of personnel and goals, but are chartered legally as separate entities), and university–industry partnerships when these have a profit component. Market activity also covers more mundane operations, such as the sale of products and services from educational endeavors, for example logos and sports paraphernalia, profit-sharing with food services and bookstores and the like. Volume 8(2): 154–161 Copyright © 2001 SAGE (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi)