Secondary Malaria Vectors of Sub-Saharan Africa: Threat to Malaria Elimination on the Continent?
Secondary Malaria Vectors of Sub-Saharan Africa: Threat to Malaria Elimination on the Continent?
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DOI：
10.5772/65359
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yan, Guiyun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Afrane, Yaw Asare;Bonizzoni, Mariangela;Yan, Guiyun
疟疾的次级媒介包括已知在疟疾传播中起次要作用的按蚊物种。非洲疟疾的主要媒介是冈比亚按蚊、库卢齐按蚊、阿拉伯按蚊、福氏按蚊、鼠按蚊和尼利按蚊，而里沃洛姆按蚊、法氏按蚊、泽曼按蚊等是次要媒介。人们认识到它们在疟疾传播中的重要性，因为它们可能有助于延长或延长疟疾传播期，并可能在主要的室内栖息地和室内叮咬媒介通过室内滞留喷洒或长效杀虫网等媒介控制措施减少后，有可能维持疟疾传播。因此，术语“次级”与“初级”媒介是流动的，是由生态条件和疟疾控制战略形成的。大多数次生媒介是室外休眠的，因此在目前的控制方法中没有考虑到户外叮咬。非洲大量使用杀虫剂控制病媒、气候变化、非洲前所未有的土地利用变化是可能影响次级病媒转变为非洲主要病媒的一些因素。本章审查次级媒介在疟疾传播中的作用以及它们未来成为主要媒介的可能性。
Secondary vectors of malaria include those anopheline species that are known to play minor part in malaria transmission. Primary vectors of malaria in Africa are Anopheles gambiae s. s, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles nili, while Anopheles rivolorum, Anopheles pharoensis, Anopheles ziemanni, among others are secondary vectors. They are recognized for their importance in malaria transmission, as they may help to augment or extend the malaria transmission period and potentially sustain malaria transmission after the main indoor resting and indoor biting vectors have been reduced by vector control measures such as indoor residual spraying or Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Thus, the terminology "secondary" versus " primary" vector is fluid and forged by ecological conditions and malaria control strategies. Most secondary vectors are outdoor resting and outdoor biting are thus, not taken care of in the current control methods. High use of insecticides for vector control in Africa, climate change, unprecedented land use changes in Africa are some of the factors that could influence the conversion of secondary vectors to become main vectors in Africa. This chapter examines the role of secondary vectors in malaria transmission and the possibility of them becoming main vectors in future.