Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration
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DOI：
10.1089/wound.2012.0420
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hankenson, Kurt D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knight, M. Noelle;Hankenson, Kurt D.
重要性：骨髓间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）通过分化为成骨细胞和软骨细胞在骨折修复中发挥关键作用。软骨然后作为一个模板通过endochondrialossification.Recent Advances的过程中额外的骨形成：有助于愈合的内源性间充质干细胞主要来自骨膜，骨内膜和骨髓腔，但也可能是由上覆肌肉或通过全身循环，这取决于损伤的类型。多种生长因子信号传导途径，包括BMP、Wnt和Notch信号传导，影响MSC增殖和分化。这些MSC可以在治疗上被操纵以促进分化。此外，间充质干细胞可以收获，培养和交付，以促进骨healing.Critical问题：药理学操纵内源性间充质干细胞的数量和分化能力是一个潜在的治疗方法，以改善愈合，然而，理想的代理商，影响信号通路需要开发和额外的治疗，激活内源性间充质干细胞是必要的。无论是分离和纯化，骨髓间充质干细胞直接参与愈合过程中或服务的旁观者效应，间接影响愈合是不好defined.Future Directions：研究必须集中在更好地了解内源性骨髓间充质干细胞的调节durings骨折愈合。这将揭示新的分子和治疗靶向途径。同样，虽然动物模型已经证明了MSC在促进愈合方面的功效，但在干细胞治疗方法可用于修复骨之前，需要更多的研究来了解理想的供体细胞，培养方法和递送。
Significance: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in fracture repair by differentiating to become bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilageforming chondrocytes. Cartilage then serves as a template for additional bone formation through the process of endochondral ossification.Recent Advances: Endogenous MSCs that contribute to healing are primarily derived from the periosteum, endosteum, and marrow cavity, but also may be contributed from the overlying muscle or through systemic circulation, depending on the type of injury. A variety of growth factor signaling pathways, including BMP, Wnt, and Notch signaling, influence MSC proliferation and differentiation. These MSCs can be therapeutically manipulated to promote differentiation. Furthermore, MSCs can be harvested, cultivated, and delivered to promote bone healing.Critical Issues: Pharmacologically manipulating the number and differentiation capacity of endogenous MSCs is one potential therapeutic approach to improve healing; however, ideal agents to influence signaling pathways need to be developed and additional therapeutics that activate endogenous MSCs are needed. Whether isolated and purified, MSCs participate directly in the healing process or serve a bystander effect and indirectly influence healing is not well defined.Future Directions: Studies must focus on better understanding the regulation of endogenous MSCs durings fracture healing. This will reveal novel molecules and pathways to therapeutically target. Similarly, while animal models have demonstrated efficacy in the delivery of MSCs to promote healing, more research is needed to understand ideal donor cells, cultivation methods, and delivery before stem cell therapy approaches can be utilized to repair bone.