Building Loss in WUI Disasters: Evaluating the Core Components of the Wildland-Urban Interface Definition
Building Loss in WUI Disasters: Evaluating the Core Components of the Wildland-Urban Interface Definition
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DOI：
10.3390/fire3040073
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hoffman, Chad M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caggiano, Michael D.;Hawbaker, Todd J.;Hoffman, Chad M.
准确的荒地-城市界面(WUI)地图对于制定有效的土地管理政策、进行风险评估和减轻野火风险至关重要。大多数WUI地图通过将粗略的住房数据与土地覆盖或植被数据叠加来识别受野火威胁的地区。然而，目前尚不清楚目前的WUI映射方法在多大程度上捕捉到了建筑损失的模式。我们量化了WUI灾害中的建筑物损失，然后比较了基于人口普查和基于点的WUI地图捕捉建筑物损失的效果。我们研究了WUI和非WUI土地利用类型中的建筑损失，以及与美国联邦登记册WUI定义的核心组成部分有关的建筑损失：住房密度、植被覆盖和接近大片荒地植被。我们使用了美国连续发生的70场大火的建筑位置数据，从2000年到2018年，这些大火累计摧毁了5.4万座建筑。研究发现：(1)86%和97%的建筑物损失分别发生在基于普查和基于点位的被指定为WUI的区域；(2)95%和100%的损失分别发生在荒地植被100m和850m范围内；(3)在精细尺度下，WUI分量对建筑物损失的预测性最强。
Accurate maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are critical for the development of effective land management policies, conducting risk assessments, and the mitigation of wildfire risk. Most WUI maps identify areas at risk from wildfire by overlaying coarse-scale housing data with land cover or vegetation data. However, it is unclear how well the current WUI mapping methods capture the patterns of building loss. We quantified the building loss in WUI disasters, and then compared how well census-based and point-based WUI maps captured the building loss. We examined the building loss in both WUI and non-WUI land-use types, and in relation to the core components of the United States Federal Register WUI definition: housing density, vegetation cover, and proximity to large patches of wildland vegetation. We used building location data from 70 large fires in the conterminous United States, which cumulatively destroyed 54,000 buildings from 2000 through to 2018. We found that: (1) 86% and 97% of the building loss occurred in areas designated as WUI using the census-based and point-based methods, respectively; (2) 95% and 100% of all of the losses occurred within 100 m and 850 m of wildland vegetation, respectively; and (3) WUI components were the most predictive of building loss when measured at fine scales.